The function of the pituitary‐testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin

Spruijt, Annemarie; Kooistra, Hans S.; Oei, Christine; Vinke, Claudia M.; Schaefers-Okkens, A.C.; Gier, J. De

doi:10.1111/rda.14266

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 84 publications

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“…Despite its off-label status for use in queens, there has been significant research on the impact of deslorelin implants in queens for heat induction and fertility suppression. An immediate effect on stimulation of the luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone has been observed in male dogs at the moment of implant placement, before GnRH downregulation, 10 , 11 generally known as the flare-up effect. In queens, the effect of the deslorelin implant is influenced by their cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful parturition and lactation after a deslorelin implant removal in a pregnant cat

Paganotto,

Truttmann,

Rosset

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary The aim of this clinical case presentation was to describe the effect of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant placement in a pregnant queen during the second half of gestation, and the consequences of its removal on the pregnancy and parturition. A 5-year-old female cat exhibiting nesting behaviour and weight gain 10 days after placement of a deslorelin implant was presented for examination. Gestation was confirmed on ultrasound, with two well-formed kittens of a gestational age of approximately 7 weeks. The deslorelin implant placed on the umbilicus was removed 1 week later. No change in the pregnancy was observed after removal of the implant. The fetuses showed no signs of distress on ultrasound and radiography examination 4 days after removal of the implant. One week after implant removal, the queen naturally delivered two healthy kittens. The queen showed maternal behaviour with normal milk production. Relevance and novel information In the light of the lack of literature on implant injection and removal in the pregnant queen, this case report showcases a successful birth of healthy kittens without any subsequent adverse effect on the queen. Further study is needed to assess the safety of implant removal during pregnancy and potential use as a means to induce fertile oestrus in the queen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful parturition and lactation after a deslorelin implant removal in a pregnant cat

Paganotto,

Truttmann,

Rosset

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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The function of the pituitary‐testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin

Spruijt

Kooistra

Oei

et al. 2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Chemical castration, that is the reduction of circulating testosterone concentrations to castrate levels by administration of a GnRH-agonist implant, is a popular alternative to surgical castration in male dogs. Detailed information concerning the pituitarytesticular axis following administration of a GnRH-agonist implant is still scarce.Therefore, GnRH-stimulation tests were performed in male dogs, prior to and after surgical and chemical castration. This approach also allowed us to determine plasma concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol in intact male dogs for future reference and to directly compare the effects of surgical and chemical castration on the pituitarytesticular axis. In intact male dogs (n = 42) of different breeds GnRH administration induced increased plasma LH, FSH, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations. After surgical castration basal and GnRH-induced plasma FSH and LH concentrations increased pronouncedly. Additionally, basal and GnRH-induced plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations decreased after surgical castration. After chemical castration, with a slow-release implant containing the GnRH-agonist deslorelin, plasma LH and FSH concentrations were lower than prior to castration and lower compared with the same interval after surgical castration. Consequently, plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were lowered to values similar to those after surgical castration. GnRH administration to the chemically castrated male dogs induced a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of LH, but not of FSH. In conclusion, after administration of the deslorelin implant, the plasma concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone did not differ significantly from the surgically castrated animals.After GnRH-stimulation, none of the dogs went to pre-treatment testosterone levels.However, at the moment of assessment at 4,4 months (mean 133 days ± SEM 4 days), the pituitary gonadotrophs were responsive to GnRH in implanted dogs. The increase of LH, but not of FSH, following GnRH administration indicates a differential regulation of the release of these gonadotrophins, which needs to be considered when GnRH-stimulation tests are performed in implanted dogs.

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Therapeutic effect of single intra-testicular injection of lyophilized xenogenous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on oligozoospermia in male dogs.

Mohamed,

Shahat,

Fathi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Oligozoospermia is the most common cause of infertility in male canine reproduction. Practitioners look for specific therapies to solve this problem. So, the aim of the present investigation is to study for the first time the impact of a single intra-testicular injection of lyophilized canine and human MSCs-derived EVs on the oligospermia of male dogs. Dogs were randomly allocated into three groups. Group I is the control group (n = 5), without any treatment; Group II is the lyophilized canine MSCs-derived EVs (n = 5); and Group III is the lyophilized human MSCs-derived EVs (n = 5). Dogs were subjected to semen collection, blood collection, and Doppler examination. The assessment was performed on day 0 before injection, and the examination was extended to 8 weeks. The results showed that there was a notable (P ˂ 0.01) increase in testicular volume in either the canine or human MSCs-derived EVs group from the 6th to the 8th weeks of the study as compared to Day 0. The maximum volume of right or left testis in dogs treated with either canine or human MSCs-derived EVs was observed at 8 weeks post injections compared to Day 0 before treatments. The Doppler indices (PSV and EDV) were significantly improved in dogs treated with canine or human MSCs-derived EVs. The maximum values of PSV and EDV were attained in the 8th week following injection. However, the PI and RI of the testicular arteries were significantly decreased as compared to the Day 0 and control group. The human MSCs-derived EVs group had lower values of RI and PI than the canine MSCs-derived EVs group. The single intra-testicular injection of lyophilized canine MSCs-derived EVs resulted in a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in the sperm cell concentration, motility, live/dead ratio, and normal spermatozoa compared to those obtained in lyophilized human MSCs-derived EVs. In addition, the canine MSCs-derived EVs group showed higher values (P<0.001) of testosterone levels from 2nd to 8th weeks than those in the human MSCs-derived EVs group. The reverse trend was observed for NO levels. In conclusion, a single intra-testicular injection of MSCs-derived EVs could improve testicular vascularization by increasing Doppler velocities. In addition, it could improve semen quality, steroids (testosterone), and nitric oxide.

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The function of the pituitary‐testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

Successful parturition and lactation after a deslorelin implant removal in a pregnant cat

Successful parturition and lactation after a deslorelin implant removal in a pregnant cat

The function of the pituitary‐testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin

Therapeutic effect of single intra-testicular injection of lyophilized xenogenous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on oligozoospermia in male dogs.

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