The Fugl–Meyer assessment of the upper extremity: reliability, responsiveness and validity of the Danish version

Abstract

The FMA-UE was successfully translated into Danish. An MCID ≥ 4 was found. This study provides evidence that the FMA-UE is a reliable, responsive and valid instrument for measuring upper limb impairment after stroke. Implications for rehabilitation One of the most widely recognized measures of upper extremity motor impairment post-stroke is the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). The psychometric properties of a measurement depends on the population and setting in which it is used. In this study, the FMA-UE is translated into Danish and the psychometric properties of FMA-UE is determined in a Danish population of patients with stroke. The FMA-UE is now available to use for clinicians in Denmark.

The Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity and 9-Hole Pegboard Test in Individuals With Subacute Stroke

“…As mentioned earlier, recovery process at subacute phase is faster compared to chronic phase which may affect the assessment of motor function. Lundquist et al [35] also tested the reliability between two examiners using FMA on patients with stroke at acute and subacute phases and got results (ICC=0.95) which were similar to the present study. The 9-Hole Peg test, used to assess the manual skills had the participants from 3 to 85 years old [36].…”

Translation and cultural validation of clinical observational scales – the Fugl-Meyer assessment for post stroke sensorimotor function in Colombian Spanish

“…Coordination/speed items are in some translations done with eyes open [34], in contrary to original FMA in which the eyes are closed. In the same subscale, the scoring is different from original FMA for tremor and dysmetria in some translations [14,32,34], in which a patient with complete paralysis is able to obtain full score of 2 when tremor or dysmetria cannot be observed anywhere else on the body. Another modification that has been published in different translations of the FMA-LE applies on the reflex activity.…”

“…In Michaelsen et al's study [31], the French-Canadian version was translated by one Brazilian physiotherapist and adapted after a pilot reliability testing of eight patients. Recently, the FMA-UE was translated to Danish from an English version by See et al [32] following the forward and backward translation process, in which the back translated English version was approved by the corresponding author of the English version and the Danish version was pilot tested on 10 patients [14]. The translation process and cultural adaptation of FMA is, in general, only described briefly in previous studies.…”

“…The original FMA consists of several parts including evaluation of motor function, balance, sensation, passive range of motion, and pain [7], but the motor evaluation of upper and lower extremity have been most used [8]. The motor domains of the FMA are used extensively [9][10][11][12] and show excellent reliability, validity, and good responsiveness [13][14][15][16]. The motor domains of the FMA are recommended for assessment of the level of sensorimotor function and for evaluation of the progress during motor recovery [6,11].…”

A Smart Glove Digital System Promotes Restoration of Upper Limb Motor Function and Enhances Cortical Neuroplastic Changes in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The UFMA consists of 33 items (3-point ordinal scale and range, 0-66), with higher scores indicating less impairment. [19] The JTT assesses hand function according to ADL with a series of 7 timed subtests, including writing, simulated page turning, picking up small objects, simulated feeding, stacking checkers, picking up large light objects, and picking up large heavy objects. [20] In original JTT, the subtest is considered missing if patient cannot complete the subtest within a certain amount of time..…”