The frequency of pulmonary hypertension in newborn with intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract

of surfactants 19 and constriction of the pulmonary vessels 20. IUGR fetuses with chronic intrauterine hypoxia are also prone to asphyxia 21 because in the asphyxiated neonates hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance which results in PH 17. Hypoxia induced IUGR neonates with a mild form of RDS may also experience an acute episode of PH 11. The incidence of IUGR in developing countries is 6 times higher as compared to developed countries. In developing countries, the incidence of IUGR was reported to be 11% of the total number of neonates in 2008 22 , but in 2017, it was up to 30% that constituted 50 to 60% of LBW 23. Preventing LBW infants in developing countries should be considered as a crucial public health priority 24,25 , where the condition is essentially attributed to IUGR. As Pakistan is the developing country, the incidence of mortalities and injuries caused by IUGR associated PH is higher. In this scenario, it is necessary to reduce the burden of IUGR linked PH. We have conducted this study for the first time in Pakistan to shed light on the incidence of PH in IUGR neonates. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of PH in IUGR neonates. Materials and Methods Study design. The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. Setting. The data was collected within the department of the neonatal intensive care unit of the children hos

Sudden Onset of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in a Preterm Infant: A Case Report on the Role of Maternal Use of Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors During Pregnancy and Concurrent Risk Factors

“…As the clinical significance of this association is not universally supported (20,(42)(43)(44) and not completely clarified, it may be suggested that the combination of other factors may be crucial to generate PPHN. FGR -as hallmark of uteroplacental insufficiency and chronic fetal hypoxia -is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH (45). Pregnancyinduced hypertension and preeclampsia are also expression of utero-placental insufficiency.…”

Effect of electro‐acupuncture at ST 36 on maternal food restriction‐induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

“…3,4 The essence of IUGR is the adaptive protection of the fetus against insufficient nutrient supply, with the potential of long-term effects on organs such as the lung. 11,28,29 The adverse effects on lung development have been widely addressed in previous studies. 5,6,16 However, there is no specific clinical intervention to prevent MFRinduced pulmonary dysplasia in offspring.…”

“…Malnutrition is the most common cause of IUGR, with nutritional insufficiency being the most common contributor in developing countries 3,4 . The essence of IUGR is the adaptive protection of the fetus against insufficient nutrient supply, with the potential of long‐term effects on organs such as the lung 11,28,29 . The adverse effects on lung development have been widely addressed in previous studies 5,6,16 .…”

“…3,4 Maternal food restriction (MFR) during pregnancy leads to insufficient fetal nutrition, resulting in IUGR and an associated pulmonary phenotype characterized by an increased susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hyperresponsive airways. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Although the exact mechanism(s) underlying the respiratory consequences of MFR-associated IUGR remain unknown, alterations in key lung developmental signaling pathways (summarized below) have been demonstrated. 12 Moreover, MFR upregulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of the offspring, resulting in a chronic hypercorticoid state, which can also potentially interfere with mechanisms underlying normal lung development.…”

“…IUGR is closely related to malnutrition during pregnancy, infectious diseases, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, substance abuse, and teratogen exposures, 1 among which malnutrition during pregnancy is the most common cause of IUGR 3,4 . Maternal food restriction (MFR) during pregnancy leads to insufficient fetal nutrition, resulting in IUGR and an associated pulmonary phenotype characterized by an increased susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hyperresponsive airways 5–12 . Although the exact mechanism(s) underlying the respiratory consequences of MFR‐associated IUGR remain unknown, alterations in key lung developmental signaling pathways (summarized below) have been demonstrated 12 .…”