The frequency and spectrum of K-ras mutations among Iraqi patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma

Na, Al-Allawi; At, Ismaeel; Ny, Ahmed; Ns, Merza

doi:10.4103/0019-509x.98943

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The disease ranking in this study unlike the results cited by the same country and even the neighbor countries, the reason is attributed to the variation in the colorectal cancer epidemiology in different geographical regions 37 .…”

Section: Histopathologicalevaluation Of Colorectal Carcinomacontrasting

confidence: 85%

Histopathologicalevaluation of Colorectal Carcinoma

Khalil

Al-Hassawi

Abdo

2018

DMJ

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Background: Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal tract cancer worldwide. In Iraq, colorectal cancer was the seventh top cancers, whereas in Kurdistan, it was the fourth most common cancer for both males and females. Although the methods of the diagnosis and therapy have been improved, only about 50% of the patients who resected the tumor died from disease within 5 years, due to distant metastasis. The study was carried out to determine the frequency of histopathological types of colorectal cancer, and to evaluate the correlation between colorectal cancer regarding the grade, stage, with different histological finding which include desmoplastic reaction, lymphocytic infiltration, foamy macrophages, necrosis, intraglandular necrosis, and calcification. Subject and Methods: This study includes (108) patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Cases were collected during the period January 2015-December 2017 from the histopathological department at Central Public Health Laboratory and other private labs in Duhok city. Clinical information were obtained from the available histopathological reports. Paraffin embedded blocks were sectioned and stained with immunohistochemistry markers; Ki67 and VEGF then processed automatically according to protocols supplied by the antibody manufacturer. Results: Patients age ranged from18-83 years with a mean of 54.42 years. The peak ages of the patients were between 60-69 years. Male: female ratio was 1.5:1. The commonest tumor location was (recto-sigmoidal region); rectum was (42.6 %) and sigmoid colon was(22.2%).Conventional adenocarcinoma was the predominant type 86(79.6%), majority of cases were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma constituting85.2%. Stage III was the highest stage constituting 56(51.9%), followed by stage II which constitute 37(34.3%).The local invasion of the mucosa and other layers of colonic wall were associated with desmoplasia and collagen fiber remodeling. Infiltration of foamy macrophages decreased in number in relation to higher grade. Intraglandular necrosis showed significant correlation with tumor invasiveness, lymph node metastasis and grade. The frequency of both markers Ki67 and VEGF were 77 and 75 respectively. Ki67 immunoreactivity revealed significant relationship with tumor grade (P=0.014), whereas VEGF had significant relationship with TNM stage (P = 0.019), as well as the local invasion to the colorectal wall (P 0.009). Conclusions: Moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma (85.2%) and stage III (51.9%) were the most frequent diagnosed cases with colorectal cancer. Macrophages infiltration was conversely related with grading of colorectal cancer. Histopathological changes like desmoplastic reaction and intraglandular necrosis were common findings in colorectal cancer and they were in concordance correlation with stage and grade.Ki67 had relationship with tumor grade, whereas VEGF correlate with tumor invasion.

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Section: Histopathologicalevaluation Of Colorectal Carcinomacontrasting

confidence: 85%

Histopathologicalevaluation of Colorectal Carcinoma

Khalil

Al-Hassawi

Abdo

2018

DMJ

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“…One such report that demonstrated high preponderance of Gly to Val was from a subset of Iraqi patients. [42] The genetic alterations occurred significantly more frequently in tumors of the left side of the colon as compared to the right side of the colon, in contrast to other reports which show a right sided shift. [43,44] Similar pattern, as observed in our study for mutational preference in KRAS, was earlier observed in a multicentric study on molecular screening in 1093 colorectal adenomas [45] and also from a study reported on Turkish CRC patients [46] , thus indicating a difference in the biological behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Prevalence of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective observational study from India

Veldore

Rao²,

Prabhudesai

et al. 2014

Indian J Cancer

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The results suggest a prevalence of KRAS mutation at 42.8% in Indian population indicating that this testing is very crucial for targeted therapy management in metastatic CRC in India. Further analysis on mutation status of other homologues such as NRAS and downstream partner, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, would add value to understanding the role of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in CRC management.

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“…[22] In Oman, [23] 79 CRC patients were checked that 48.1% had mutation and no relation was noticed with wild-type or mutant KRAS with recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In Iraq, [24] fifty CRC patients (mean age: 55.4 years and 54% males) enrolled that 48% had KRAS mutation, and there were no significant associations of age, gender, tumor location or histology, grading, staging, or lymphovascular invasion with KRAS mutation status. In the present study, there was no significant difference between clinicopathological factors with KRAS mutation status, except for age that KRAS mutation frequency was higher in age ≥50 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

KRAS and NRAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Central Iran (Tehran): A Review on Literature of the Middle East

Shahriari-Ahmadi

Ansarinejad

Fardad

et al. 2018

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

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Context: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it as a major public health burden. Aims: The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of KRAS and NRAS mutations in Iran and the correlation between KRAS mutation status with clinicopathological factors and survival. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 144 patients were entered into the study based on the criteria. Age, sex, tumor site, grade, metastasis location, familial history, KRAS/NRAS status, and survival were checked for all patients, and the patients were followed for 1 year. DNA was extracted with FFPE QIAGEN kit and then polymerase chain reaction for amplification of gene segments of KRAS and NRAS genes. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 52.9 years (range: 27–72 years) that 39.6% patients had age <50 years and 54.2% were men. KRAS mutation was significantly more in the patients with age ≥50 compared with KRAS wild type. Furthermore, the 6-month overall survival rate in KRAS mutation patients was significantly more than KRAS wild-type patients. Liver metastasis (72.9%) had the highest prevalence of metastasis in the patients, and Grade II with 64.6% had the most prevalence. Conclusions: The metastatic CRC was more prevalent in men than women, and the mean age varied around 50–60 years. The results showed that the present study had the highest prevalence of KRAS mutation in the Middle East and Pakistan with the lowest prevalence in CRC patients.

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The frequency and spectrum of K-ras mutations among Iraqi patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Histopathologicalevaluation of Colorectal Carcinoma

Histopathologicalevaluation of Colorectal Carcinoma

Prevalence of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective observational study from India

KRAS and NRAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Central Iran (Tehran): A Review on Literature of the Middle East

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