The French in Laos, 1887–1945

Stuart–Fox, Martin

doi:10.1017/s0026749x00012646

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The geographical region is defined by Laos’ borders that have remained relatively unchanged since the 1893 Siam-France treaty, when Siam (modern Thailand) surrendered territories east of the Mekong to France. 23 Only one data point, from the town Luang Prabang, was described prior to 1893 and is included in the dataset, 24 as the town was and remained part of Laos in that year and since.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many human pathogens are there in Laos? An estimate of national human pathogen diversity and analysis of historical trends

Clarkson

Águas

Sweet³

et al. 2020

BMJ Glob Health

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ObjectiveThe emergence of infectious diseases pose major global health threats. Estimates of total in-country human pathogen diversity, and insights as to how and when species were described through history, could be used to estimate the probability of new pathogen discoveries. Data from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) were used in this proof-of-concept study to estimate national human pathogen diversity and to examine historical discovery rate drivers.MethodsA systematic survey of the French and English scientific and grey literature of pathogen description in Laos between 1874 and 2017 was conducted. The first descriptions of each known human pathogen in Laos were coded according to the diagnostic evidence available. Cumulative frequency of discovery across time informed the rate of discovery. Four distinct periods of health systems development in Laos were identified prospectively and juxtaposed to the unmodelled rate of discovery. A model with a time-varying rate of discovery was fitted to these data using a Markov-Chain- Monte-Carlo technique.ResultsFrom 6456 pathogen descriptions, 245 discoveries of known human pathogens in Laos, including repeat discoveries using different grades of evidence, were identified. The models estimate that the Laos human pathogen species diversity in 2017 is between 169 and 206. During the last decade, there has been a 33-fold increase in the discovery rate coinciding with the strengthening of medical research and microbiology.ConclusionDiscovery curves can be used to model and estimate country-level human pathogen diversity present in a territory. Combining this with historical assessment improves the understanding of the factors affecting local pathogen discovery.PROSPERO registration numberA protocol of this work was registered on PROSPERO (ID:CRD42016046728).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many human pathogens are there in Laos? An estimate of national human pathogen diversity and analysis of historical trends

Clarkson

Águas

Sweet³

et al. 2020

BMJ Glob Health

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“…In the past, however, Vietnamese migration to Laos was much more extended and it has a clear connection with the country's colonial history. With the underlying objective to make the country economically productive, and to tackle Lao workers which they considered slothful and not disciplined enough, in 1880 the French colonial administration decided to build a railway which would increase the accessibility of the Lao Mekong region and pushed the migration of industrious Vietnamese farmers (Stuart-Fox 1995). Facing a lack of trained people available to serve their objectives, the French administrators encouraged the installation of Vietnamese workers to occupy jobs of civil servants and mine workers.…”

Section: Vietnamese Migration In Laosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interroger les masculinités disloquées et les vulnérabilités au VIH. Le cas des travailleurs migrants vietnamiens au Sud Laos

Phetchanpheng¹,

Petitet²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2020

moussons

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Souvanxay Phetchanpheng et al. the Economic Quadrangle, a transnational area roughly corresponding to the Golden Triangle, few villages benefit from the economic expansion of the region. The commercial market is largely dominated by Chinese entrepreneurs and local people have a minimal commercial role. Through their transnational networks, Chinese businessmen and corporations are the main beneficiaries of the economic benefits of the North-South Corridor linking Kunming (Yunnan, China) to Bangkok (Tan 2014). In the district of Tonpheung for example, the construction sites (road, casino, hotels, etc.) of the "Golden Triangle" special economic zone started in 2008 offered few jobs to Laotian people. The majority of workers on these sites are Burmese and Chinese (Tan 2014). Similarly, the vast rail construction site started in the north of the country, which will connect by 2021 China with Laos, has drained about 5,000 workers, most of whom are Vietnamese and Chinese nationals. For this scheme, part of Xi Jinping's Belt and Road Initiative, only a small number of Lao workers, perceived as less skilled, have been employed. 1 The work opportunities offered to the younger Lao generation are consequently often limited to agrarian work and to occupations in the civil service. This intensification of cross-border migrations in the Great Mekong region has mostly been examined through the lens of border control and state sovereignty, but little is known about the lived experiences and trajectories of these Vietnamese and Chinese migrants (Molland 2017). These mobilities undertaken in a context of socioeconomic vulnerability may create new economic opportunities, but also new marital situations for couples and families. Indeed, these situations offer renewed sexual encounters for married male migrants, while heightening vulnerabilities to infectious diseases, among which HIV. This paper analyses these issues through an ethnographic fieldwork among Vietnamese migrant workers in southern Laos, in the city of Savannakhet. We mobilise the concept of dislocating masculinity (Cornwall & Lindisfarne 1994) to explore within our field of research and from a broader perspective the question of embodiment, agency and the relation between masculine styles and social contexts. Increasing transnational mobilities have indeed shaped new forms of bodily, sexual or affective intimacies intrinsically tied to power, gender, race, class and structural socioeconomic factors, which must be understood in their historical, social and cultural context. Intimacy, emotions and sexuality have long been neglected in migration studies because of the overwhelming paradigm of political economy whose equation of migrants with workforce left little space to the study of their affective, romantic and sexual desires and identities. Feminist, post-colonial and queer epistemologies and the increasing feminisation of migrations in the past decades have brought back these topics, pushing scholars to call for a "sexual turn" in the study of migration (Mai & King 20...

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“…The second period began in 1893 when the French first annexed territories east of the Mekong River and later annexed minor extensions of land to the west of Mekong [12]. Importantly, during this period the French colonizers experimented with coffee and rubber trees, and the plateau started to become an important agricultural area growing a wider variety of fruits and vegetables.…”

Section: Case Study: Nongkhuangyai Village -A Multi-ethnic Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting Upland Peasants to Markets and Socio-Cultural Change in Bolaven Plateau, Southern Part of Laos

Keosiphandone¹

2014

IOSRJHSS

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The French in Laos, 1887–1945

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

How many human pathogens are there in Laos? An estimate of national human pathogen diversity and analysis of historical trends

How many human pathogens are there in Laos? An estimate of national human pathogen diversity and analysis of historical trends

Interroger les masculinités disloquées et les vulnérabilités au VIH. Le cas des travailleurs migrants vietnamiens au Sud Laos

Connecting Upland Peasants to Markets and Socio-Cultural Change in Bolaven Plateau, Southern Part of Laos

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