The French empire between the wars

Colonial or Continental Power? The Debate over Economic Expansion in Interwar France, 1925–1932

“…40 In terms of commerce, the empire as a whole came in third after trade with Britain and Germany. 41 Nine-tenths of colonial goods entering the metropole came from foreign colonies. 42 In 1920 only 21 per cent of the metropole's imports came from the colonies and 48 per cent of its exports went to the colonies.…”

“…In 1927, for example, the AEF had but 384 registered motor vehicles. 89 As industrial and luxury sectors lost their ability to sell to other industrialised countries, as Latin American countries industrialised and protected their home markets and as colonial markets were not yet sufficiently developed to purchase automobiles and other luxuries, the leaders of these sectors called for European unification as the surest way to sell their goods. Some businessmen wished to rationalise European markets through cartels or a customs union, but their European orientation does not necessarily mean that they lacked an interest in colonial markets.…”

Atatürk Döneminin Son Kazanımı İskenderun Sancağı - Hatay

“…Büyük Suriye toprakları içerisinde kabul ettikleri İskenderun'un Türkiye tarafından alınması ve ardından Halep ve civarı için de aynı ihtimalin geçerli olabileceği Suriyelileri düşündürmekteydi. 50 51 Bu arada Fransa, Sancak'taki Suriye görevlilerinin işine son vererek yönetimi doğrudan kendi eline almış ve Milletler Cemiyetine verilmiş olan denetim yetkisi ile bölgenin silahsızlandırılması konusundaki hükümlerini, bunların ancak Suriye mandasının sona ermesinden sonra uygulanacakları gerekçesiyle uygulamaya koymayı reddetmişti. 52 Bunun üzerine Türkiye 29 Aralık'ta bir nota ile, "1930 Dostluk Antlaşması"nı iptal ettiği-ni Fransız hükûmetine iletmiştir.…”

Colonialism and Contested Cultures of Victory in the French Empire of the 1920s

“…The related processes of industrial diversification and urbanization, often initiated in response to the needs of the war economy, 'wrought dramatic changes' to society and politics across the Empire in the interwar period. 23 These shifts would feed into the political contestation of the colonial status quo in the years after the Armistice. During the war, administrators tried, with varying degrees of enthusiasm, to extend to the colonies the kind of political and societal unity that sustained the war effort in the metropole through a combination of patriotic propaganda, promises of postwar compensation and, where necessary, the coercive power of the colonial state.…”

“…In Vietnam, a colony where reformist politics had always held a very limited appeal, the 1930s began with a serious anti-colonial rebellion led by mutinous indigenous soldiers and directed by the emergent Communist party. 82 In Madagascar, long a stronghold for the advocates of citizenship rights for colonial subjects, the 1920s ended with a shift toward a more radical form of mass politics that sought to rally the indigenous population against the colonial authorities. The key demand also changed, with political leaders such as the veteran Jean Ralaimongo looking to an alternative political solution to that of French citizenship, arguing that Madagascans should become 'either free French citizens or free Madagascan citizens'.…”