The free‐radical polymerization of acrylamide initiated with ceric sulfate in the presence of amino acids

Electroinduced dispersion polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by Ce(IV) was performed in an electrolytic cell in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Micron-size polyacrylonitrile (PAN) particles were stabilized with PAA by electrostatic interaction or by a PAA-Ce(III)-PAN ternary complex formation. A PAA-PAN stable polymer was formed in the cathodic compartment, and the reduced initiator was reoxidized in the anode, thus allowing for the continuation of the process. A possible mechanism of polymerization is suggested.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroinduced dispersion polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) and catalytic amount of CE(IV)

Saraç¹,

Ustamehmetoğlu²,

Yıldırım³

2002

“…In this study the electroinduced polymerization method, previously applied for the homopolymerization of vinyl monomers,2–7 was successfully applied for the copolymerization of AN and PEG with higher yields (about twofold) than those for the chemical method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the presence of very low (catalytic) amounts of initiator concentrations (10 −3 or even less), electrochemically induced polymerization of vinyl monomers was successfully performed, resulting in higher yields under a variety of conditions in an electrolytic cell. We previously reported work on several redox‐initiating systems involving the ceric ion coupled with EDTA, polyaminocarboxylic acid, and amino acids,2–4 and for the polymerization of acrylamide by electrolytically generated Ce(IV) redox systems in an undivided cell 5, 6. Polymerization of acrylamide was also studied by a Ce(IV)–oxalic acid (redox couple) initiator system in an electrochemical cell both with and without separation of anolyte and catholyte 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroinduced copolymerization of acrylonitrile–polyethylene glycol compared with chemical copolymerization

Saraç

Özkara

Diler

2001

Electroinduced copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN)-polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) initiated by Ce(IV) was performed in aqueous solution and compared with chemical copolymerization, which allowed Ce(III) to be converted to Ce(IV) electrochemically during the polymerization. The polymer that was insoluble in water was formed in the cathodic compartment. The effect of Ce(IV), H 2 SO 4 , monomer, PEG-400 concentration, temperature, time, and potential on the yield were studied and compared with similar effects under nonelectrolytic conditions. The role of Ce(IV) salt on the copolymerization was followed by spectrophotometric methods during the reaction period. Polymers were characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and NMR. Intrinsic viscosities of polymers were determined. Possible polymerization mechanisms are suggested in the case of electrolytic and nonelectrolytic conditions. The electrolytic process has a demonstrable advantage over the nonelectrolytic method.

“…Organic reducing compounds7 including glucose,8 maltose,9 carboxylic acid,10 hydroxy acid,11 amino acid,12 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,13, 14 nitrilotriacetic acid,15 nitrilotripropionic acid,15 iminodiacetic acid,15 amino tri(methylene phosphonic acid),16 diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid),16 and 1‐hydroxy‐ethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid 16 were used as reducing agent for redox polymerization of vinyl monomers. The polymers produced by Ce +4 /organic reducing compounds were suggested to have chain ends of the corresponding reducing compound moiety 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols–ceric ion redox systems for aqueous polymerization of vinyl monomers

Köken

Akar

Yilmaz

2001

Ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and ceric ammonium nitrate redox systems were used for the polymerization of vinyl and acrylic monomers such as acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylic acid. The initiating radical was formed on reducing organic compound which in turn initiated polymerization to give polymers containing chain ends of ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols that showed much higher water absorption. The effects of the concentration of Ce ϩ4 salt, ethoxylated nonyl phenols, and monomers on both the yield and the molecular weight of corresponding polymers were studied.