Ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols–ceric ion redox systems for aqueous polymerization of vinyl monomers

Köken, Nesrin; Akar, Ahmet; Yilmaz, Nurten

doi:10.1002/app.1853

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, a larger amount of ENP in the redox reaction gave a copolymer with a higher yield and lower conductivity if the initial Ce ϩ4 concentrations were high. In our previous studies, the effect of the concentration of Ce ϩ4 and the reducing compounds have been investigated (Öz and Akar, 2001). Besides, increasing Ce ϩ4 concentrations is known to cause a significant increase in the rate of oxidative termination or primary radicals compared with the rate of initiation (Öz and Akar, 2000).…”

Section: Pigment and Resin Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Block copolymers of pyrrole and ethoxylated nonylphenol

Köken

Çamoglu

Güvel

2017

PRT

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Purpose This paper aims to synthesise block copolymers (PPy-b-ENP) of pyrrole (Py) and ethoxylated nonyl phenols (ENP) via redox systems in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) at room temperature. The initiating radical was formed on reducing organic compound which in turn initiated polymerisation to give diblock copolymers containing chain ends of ENPs and polypyrrole (Ppy). The effects of the concentration of Ce+4 salt, ENPs and Py on both the yield and electrical conductivities of corresponding polymers were studied. Design/methodology/approach In total, 0.1 M stock solution of CAN:100 ml 1 M HNO3 was prepared freshly (7 ml HNO3 dissolved in 100 ml water) and used in 50 ml of 0.1 M CAN solution (2.7438 g CAN dissolved in 50 ml nitric acid solution). The reducing compound (Py) was dissolved in water. Py and ENP were added slowly to the flask with vigorous stirring. The content of the flask was flushed with oxygen-free nitrogen. The resulting copolymers were characterised with spectroscopic methods like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Findings In this study, DMSO-slightly soluble Py copolymers were produced with ENPs. The conductivities of copolymers were found to be in the range of 10-1 to 10-4 S/cm. Soluble and processable conductive polymers were developed. Research limitations/implications In this study, the water solubility of ENPs diminishes the conductivity of copolymer because of its surfactant structure. When the CAN/Py ratio was increased, PPys and copolymers with both higher yield and lower conductivity values were obtained. The results indicated that solubilities and the yield of the polymers synthesised in the presence of ENP have increased considerably. ENP caused degradative chain transfer reaction to become significant compared with bimolecular termination, so the yield decreased with increasing ENP concentration about 20 g/l. Results showed that yield of the copolymers strongly depends on Ce+4 concentrations while of copolymers were measured to be 10-3 S/cm. Practical implications PPy-b-ENP diblock copolymers were prepared with Ce+4 as an oxidation agent in a single step. Social implications These slightly soluble and conductive copolymers may overcome difficulties in the applications of PPy homopolymers and open new application areas. Originality/value PPy-b-ENPs of lightly soluble (in DMSO) and conductive (10-2 S/cm) copolymers have been synthesised in one step. The results indicate that the surface of the copolymer is composed of well-distributed nanospheres with an average particle diameter of 35-400 nm.

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Section: Pigment and Resin Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile and polyacrylic acid containing chain ends of ethoxylated nonylphenol (ENP) were prepared using ceric-ENP redox initiator system (Öz and Akar, 2001). Compared with the other methods of polymerisation, aqueous redox polymerisation possesses a number of technical advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Block copolymers of pyrrole and ethoxylated nonylphenol

Köken

Çamoglu

Güvel

2017

PRT

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“…Aqueous vinyl polymerizations initiated by ceric salts alone or ceric salt‐reducing agent systems have been extensively studied 1–11. The end group profiles of the polymers that have been prepared using these systems indicated that the mechanisms of initiation and termination were largely dependent on the experimental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐isopropylacrylamide–acrylamide copolymers initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate in water

Erbi̇l

Gökçeören

Polat

2007

Polymer International

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The polymerization and copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylamide (AAm) at different compositions, initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate alone, were studied in water at 60 • C. The dependence of the polymerization yield and molecular weight on the reaction temperature, nitrate ion concentration, presence of organic solvent and feed composition were examined by gravimetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and viscosity. The Viscotek system consists of three on-line detectors, namely right-angle light scattering, refractometer and viscometer, which were used to determine the number-average molecular weight (M n ) and hydrodynamic radius (R h ) of the NIPAAm-rich copolymers. It was observed that both M n and R h values of the copolymers decreased with increasing AAm content in the feed. The reactivity ratios of NIPAAm (2) and AAm (1) were computed by the extended Kelen-Tüdós method at high conversion, using FTIR analysis, and were found to be r 2 = 2.26 and r 1 = 0.34 for NIPAAm-rich copolymers, i.e. heterogeneous copolymers. From the determination of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), i.e. phase transition of 2.0 wt% aqueous solutions of NIPAAm/AAm copolymers and NIPAAm homopolymer (PNIPAAm), using a UV-visible spectrometer, it was found that the hydrophilicity and LCSTs of the chains could be changed in a narrow temperature range by controlling the initial compositions. Turbidities (τ ) obtained from the absorbance values at three different wavelengths (λ; 400, 500 and 600 nm) were used to interpret the macromolecular phase transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic structure. The effects of comonomer content and temperature on the coil-globule transition are discussed in terms of the slopes of the linear plots of log τ versus log λ.

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Redox initiation system of ceric salt and α,ω‐dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane)s for vinyl polymerization

Köken

Akar

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The redox system of ceric salt and a,o-dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane) is used to polymerize vinyl monomers such as acrylonitrile and styrene to produce block copolymers. The concentration and type of a,o-dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane) affects the yield and the molecular weight of the copolymers. The copolymers have about 208C lower glass-transition temperatures and much higher contact angle values than of the corresponding homopolymer of vinyl monomers, although the weight percent of a,o-dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane) of the copolymers is in the range of 1-2%.

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Ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols–ceric ion redox systems for aqueous polymerization of vinyl monomers

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Block copolymers of pyrrole and ethoxylated nonylphenol

Block copolymers of pyrrole and ethoxylated nonylphenol

N‐isopropylacrylamide–acrylamide copolymers initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate in water

Redox initiation system of ceric salt and α,ω‐dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane)s for vinyl polymerization

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