The Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling (F0AM) v3.1

Wolfe, G. M.; Marvin, Margaret R.; Roberts, Sandra J.; Travis, Katherine R.; Liao, J.

doi:10.5194/gmd-9-3309-2016

Cited by 258 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As discussed briefly in section , the time evolution of each chemical in the box model is affected by both chemistry and mixing. In the MCM trajectory model, chemicals are subject to first‐order ventilation (Wolfe et al, ):

\frac{d ([], X)}{dt} = - k_{dil} ((), ([], X) - {[normalX]}_{b}),

where k dil is a first‐order dilution rate constant, [X] is the chemical concentration within the box, and [X] b is the background concentration. In the case of the evolving urban plume, k dil is the rate of entrainment of background air, and τ mix ( k dil −1 ) would be the e‐folding time required to mix with the background.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

et al. 2019

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We report on the sensitivity of enhanced ozone (O3) production, observed during lake breeze circulation along the coastline of Lake Michigan, to the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We assess the sensitivity of O3 production to NOx and VOC on a high O3 day during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 using an observationally constrained chemical box model that implements the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1) and recent emission inventories for NOx and VOCs. The Master Chemical Mechanism model is coupled to a backward air mass trajectory analysis from a ground supersite in Zion, IL, where an extensive series of measurements of O3 precursors and their oxidation products, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3), and particulate nitrates (NO3−) serve as model constraints. We evaluate the chemical evolution of the Chicago‐Gary urban plume as it advects over Lake Michigan and demonstrate how modeled indicators of VOC‐ versus NOx‐sensitive regimes can be constrained by measurements at the trajectory endpoint. Using the modeled ratio of the instantaneous H2O2 and HNO3 production rates (PH2O2/PHNO3), we suggest that O3 production over the urban source region is strongly VOC sensitive and progresses towards a more NOx‐sensitive regime as the plume advects north along the Lake Michigan coastline on this day. We also demonstrate that ground‐based measurements of the mean concentration ratio of H2O2 to HNO3 describe the sensitivity of O3 production to VOC and NOx as the integral of chemical production along the plume path.

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\frac{d ([], X)}{dt} = - k_{dil} ((), ([], X) - {[normalX]}_{b}),

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

et al. 2019

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“…Formaldehyde mixing ratios were modeled with the Framework for 0‐D Atmospheric Modeling version 3.1 box model (Wolfe, Marvin et al, ). The model was run with a subset of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) (Jenkin et al, ; Saunders et al, ) version 3.3.1 (Jenkin et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical Sources and Sinks, Convective Transport, and Representation in CAM‐Chem and the CCMI Models

et al. 2017

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the tropical western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here we have used observations from the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM‐Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative (free‐running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.

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“…leeds.ac.uk/MCM and is run using a MATLAB framework described in Wolfe et al (2016). This mechanism includes roughly 6000 species and 17 000 reactions, treats VOCs and their intermediates separately, and uses explicit isoprene degradation chemistry described in Jenkin et al (2015).…”

Section: Mcmv331mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> levels in the Colorado Front Range

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate, P(O 3 ), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigation strategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties in P(O 3 ) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts, especially during the summertime when P(O 3 ) is high. One way to test mechanisms is to compare modeled P(O 3 ) to direct measurements. During summer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directly measured net P(O 3 ) in Golden, CO, approximately 25 km west of Denver along the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O 3 ) was compared to rates calculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurements of other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and a more explicit one. Median observed P(O 3 ) was up to a factor of 2 higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO) levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O 3 ) for the rest of the day. While all interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood, simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observed P(O 3 ) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O 3 ) and peroxy radical (HO 2 and RO 2 ) discrepancies observed here are similar to those presented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxy radical source from volatile organic compounds coemitted with NO could be one plausible solution to the P(O 3 ) discrepancy, such a source has not been identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical model-data mismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O 3 ), then these results would imply that P(O 3 ) in Golden, CO, would be NO x -sensitive for more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending the NO x -sensitive P(O 3 ) regime from the afternoon further into the morning. These results couldPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11274 B. C. Baier et al.: Higher measured than modeled ozone production affect ozone reduction strategies for the region surrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply with national ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the development of this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O 3 ), especially under high-NO x regimes.

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The Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling (F0AM) v3.1

Cited by 258 publications

References 48 publications

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical Sources and Sinks, Convective Transport, and Representation in CAM‐Chem and the CCMI Models

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> levels in the Colorado Front Range

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The Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling (F0AM) v3.1

Cited by 258 publications

References 48 publications

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical Sources and Sinks, Convective Transport, and Representation in CAM‐Chem and the CCMI Models

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; levels in the Colorado Front Range

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Product

Resources

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Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NO_x and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> levels in the Colorado Front Range