The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited

Kreis, Wolfgang

doi:10.1055/s-0043-111240

Cited by 62 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Cardenolides, extracted from various Digitalis species are extensively used in the therapy of cardiac insufficiency (Mutschler et al 2008). The Digitalis cardenolides do not play a major role in the current cardiovascular drug market; instead, they are used in the treatment of other diseases, such as cancer and viral infection (Kreis 2017). The susceptibility of cancer cells to cardenolides in tumor therapy is of special interest (Calderón-Montaño et al 2014) in the field of medicinal chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of auxin and its polar transport inhibitor on the development of somatic embryos in Digitalis trojana

et al. 2018

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The present study reports the role of auxin and its transport inhibitor during the establishment of an efficient and optimized protocol for the somatic embryogenesis in Ivan. Hypocotyl segments (5 mm long) were placed vertically in the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with three sets [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) alone or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) alone or IAA-TIBA combination] of formulations of plant growth regulators, to assess their differential influence on induction and proliferation of somatic embryos (SEs). IAA alone was found to be the most effective, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, inducing ~ 10 SEs per explant with 52% induction frequency. On the other hand, the combination of 0.5 mg/l of IAA and 1 mg/l of TIBA produced significantly fewer (~ 3.6 SEs) and abnormal (enlarged, oblong, jar and cup-shaped) SEs per explant with 24% induction frequency in comparison to that in the IAA alone. The explants treated with IAA-TIBA exhibited a delayed response along with the formation of abnormal SEs. Our study revealed that IAA induces high-frequency SE formation when used singly, but the frequency gradually declines when IAA was coupled with increasing levels of TIBA. Eventually, our findings bring new insights into the roles of auxin and its polar transport in somatic embryogenesis of.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of auxin and its polar transport inhibitor on the development of somatic embryos in Digitalis trojana

et al. 2018

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“…Digoxin belongs to a large family of cardiac glycosides found in the genus of Digitalis and other plant lineages as defense chemicals against insect herbivores [5]. The composition of cardenolides varies greatly among different species of foxglove and is also influenced by climate and geographic locations [6]. Structurally, cardenolides are steroid glycosides with a pentacyclic aglycon and zero to four monosaccharides linked by the β -O-glycosyl bond to the C3 of the steroid (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling and structural analysis of cardenolides in two species of Digitalis using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry

Ravi

Guardian

Dickman

et al. 2020

Journal of Chromatography A

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Plants of the Digitalis genus contain a cocktail of cardenolides commonly prescribed to treat heart failure. Cardenolides in Digitalis extracts have been conventionally quantified by highperformance liquid chromatography yet the lack of structural information compounded with possible co-eluents renders this method insufficient for analyzing cardenolides in plants. The goal of this work is to structurally characterize cardiac glycosides in fresh-leaf extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) that provides exact masses. Fragmentation of cardenolides is featured by sequential loss of sugar units while the steroid aglycon moieties undergo stepwise elimination of hydroxyl groups, which distinguishes different aglycones. The sequence of elution follows diginatigenin digoxigenin gitoxigenin gitaloxigenin digitoxigenin for cardenolides with the same sugar units but different aglycones using a reverse-phase column. A linear range of 0.8-500 ng g -1 has been achieved for digoxigenin, β -acetyldigoxin, and digitoxigenin with limits of detection ranging from 0.09 to 0.45 ng g -1 . A total of 17 cardenolides have been detected with lanatoside A, C, and E as major cardenolides in Digitalis lanata while 7 have been found in Digitalis purpurea including purpurea glycoside A, B, and E. Surprisingly, glucodigifucoside in D. lanata and verodoxin and digitoxigenin fucoside in D. purpurea have also been found as major cardenolides. As the first MS/MS-based method developed for analyzing cardenolides in plant extracts, this method serves as a foundation for complete identification and accurate quantification of cardiac glycosides, a necessary step towards understanding the biosynthesis of cardenolide in plants..

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“…A/B and C/D rings are in cis conformation, whereas B/C rings are fused in trans conformation [ 13 ]. The subgroup of cardenolides is characterized by the aglycones, such as digitoxigenin, digoxigenin, gitoxigenin, gitaloxigenin, diginatigenin, oleandrigenin, uzarigenin, xysmalogenin, and canarigenin [ 14 ]. A wide variety of sugars may be linked to the aglycone moiety.…”

Section: Cardiac Glycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer and Immunogenic Properties of Cardiac Glycosides

et al. 2017

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Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds widely used in the treatment of several cardiac conditions and more recently have been recognized as potential antitumor compounds. They are known to be ligands for Na/K-ATPase, which is a promising drug target in cancer. More recently, in addition to their antitumor effects, it has been suggested that CGs activate tumor-specific immune responses. This review summarizes the anticancer aspects of CGs as new strategies for immunotherapy and drug repositioning (new horizons for old players), and the possible new targets for CGs in cancer cells.

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The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited

Cited by 62 publications

References 154 publications

Influence of auxin and its polar transport inhibitor on the development of somatic embryos in Digitalis trojana

Influence of auxin and its polar transport inhibitor on the development of somatic embryos in Digitalis trojana

Profiling and structural analysis of cardenolides in two species of Digitalis using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry

Anticancer and Immunogenic Properties of Cardiac Glycosides

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