The formation of silt material for terrestrial sediments: Particularly loess and dust

Smalley, Ian; Kumar, R.; Dhand, Ken O. 'Hara; Jefferson, Ian; Evans, Robert D.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.06.011

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although no modal grain sizes are reported for these dust samples, they are expected to have modal sizes comparable to those of other local dust samples from central Libya (e.g., 90-100 µm, Smalley et al, 2005;O'Hara et al, 2006). Dust samples have magnetic properties that broadly mimic those of surface sediments from the same region (Lyons et al, 2012;Oldfield et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dustmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Soils and sands are dominated by coarsegrained material (e.g., >80% by weight has sizes >63 µm), with modal grain sizes similar to those of soils (100 and 300 µm, O'Hara et al, 2006) and sand dunes (100-300 µm, Junge, 1979;Besler, 2000) in the region. Grain size data for distal alluvial and lacustrine sediments are not available, but they are expected to be enriched in the clay and silt (e.g., <63 µm) fractions (Smalley et al, 2005). The magnetic mineral assemblage of these surface sediments is characterized by the presence of both low and high coercivity magnetic minerals, which are dominantly associated with the fine grain-size fraction (e.g., silt and clay) (Lyons et al, 2010(Lyons et al, , 2012Oldfield et al, 2014).…”

Section: Surface Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source-to-sink magnetic properties of NE Saharan dust in Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments: review and paleoenvironmental implications

et al. 2015

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Section: Dustmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Surface Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source-to-sink magnetic properties of NE Saharan dust in Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments: review and paleoenvironmental implications

et al. 2015

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“…[22][23][24] These small particles are composed mainly of mineral aggregates, but they can also be monophasic (in particular quartz and ''clay'' minerals). The [Si-Al] binary graphs (Fig.…”

Section: Cluster Analysis Of Sem Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Saharan dust contribution to PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in urban and suburban areas of Rome: a comparison between single-particle SEM-EDS analysis and whole-sample PIXE analysis

et al. 2011

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, a period characterised by two episodes of Saharan dust outbreaks in Italy, particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at two stations (urban and suburban) in Rome. Some samples were selected and analysed using the SEM-EDS technique to characterise PM, focussing especially on the mineral contribution. Samples were representative both of days affected by Saharan dust episodes and days without this contribution. Cluster analysis allowed the attribution of each of about 67 000 analysed particles to one of the seven main statistical groups based on their composition. Characteristics of the particulate components identified using SEM-EDS analysis were verified by PIXE analysis carried out on filters collected in a suburban area. Ultimately, the contribution of crustal particles was revealed to be consistently high, highlighting the importance of local and regional mineral contributions, as well as those of Saharan origin. Therefore, quantifying all mineral contributions to resuspended particulate could lead to significant reductions of the PM level also on days not influenced by Saharan dust, thus limiting conditions when PM 10 daily limit value (DLV) established by European legislation is exceeded.

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“…It can be lifted from desert regions and transported vast distances at great heights. Various particle production mechanisms are involved (Smalley et al 2005, O'Hara-Dhand et al 2010, Crouvi et al 2008). …”

Section: Desert Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lake Chad basin is a good source of clay-mineral based small dust[CMA particles] (Evans et al 2004, Smalley et al 2005, Stuut et al 2009 and Monte Carlo controls on dust size have been discussed (Smalley et al 2005). Mega-lake Chad, the old enormous Lake Chad was a great sink for sedimentary material and now provides an effective source for aeolian sedimentary material.…”

Section: The Lake Chad Basin As a Source Of Particulate Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loess and Bee-Eaters II: The ‘loess’ of North Africa and the nesting behaviour of the Northern Carmine Bee-Eater (Merops nubicus Gmelin 1788)

McLaren

Svirčev

O’Hara-Dhand

et al. 2014

Quaternary International

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The Northern Carmine Bee-eater lives and breeds in a well demarcated region stretching across Africa close to the 15N line of latitude. The Bee-eater zone appears to be associated with a band of loess, defined by Scheidig on his 1934 map as second-prder loess. Beeeaters are known to favour loess for nesting tunnels and it appears that the 15N material is sufficiently loess-like. Obvious sources of particulate material for the 15N band are the Fonta Djalon highlands which supply sedimentary material to the River Niger; the Bodele depression, the deepest part of old Lake Megachad, source of the dust for the World; the Ethiopian highlands at the eastern end of 15N which supply silt to the Nile system and particulates to the 15N region. In soil moisture terms the region is ustic, which is possibly a necessary condition for bee-eater nests. The clastic material requires an ustic environment. The River Niger can be seen as a loess river, in some senses a mirror image of a major loess river like the Danube, but where a restricted range of particle inputs leads to a restricted range of loess deposit outputs. Nevertheless loess river considerations can be applied. The Niger delivers second-order loess and important loessic admixtures to the landscape. Enough loess for selective nesters like the Carmine Beeeaters to build their nest tunnels in it. It seems likely that climate change will cause a change in bee-eater distribution; it seems unlikely that they will abandon their nesting regions, the living and breeding zones may shift. Quaternary InternationalWe the undersigned declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.We understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process. He/she is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs.Signed by all authors as follows: C.H.Fry AbstractThe Northern Carmine Bee-Eater (Merops nubicus) lives and breeds in a well demarcated region stretching across Africa close to the 15°N line of latitude. The Bee-Eater zone appears to be associated with a band of loess, defined by Scheidig on his 1934 map as second-order loess. Bee-eaters are known to favour loess for nesting tunnels and it appears that the 15°N material is sufficiently loess-like. Obvious sources for particulate materials for the 15°N band are the Fonta-Djalon highlands which supply sedimentary material to the River Niger; the Bodele Depression, the deepest part of Lake Megachad, source of dust for the World; the Ethiopian highlands at the eastern end of 15°N which supply silt to the Nile system and particulates to the 15°N region. In soil moisture ...

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The formation of silt material for terrestrial sediments: Particularly loess and dust

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Source-to-sink magnetic properties of NE Saharan dust in Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments: review and paleoenvironmental implications

Source-to-sink magnetic properties of NE Saharan dust in Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments: review and paleoenvironmental implications

Saharan dust contribution to PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in urban and suburban areas of Rome: a comparison between single-particle SEM-EDS analysis and whole-sample PIXE analysis

Loess and Bee-Eaters II: The ‘loess’ of North Africa and the nesting behaviour of the Northern Carmine Bee-Eater (Merops nubicus Gmelin 1788)

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