The formation of quasi-icosahedral spiral shell carbon particles

Kroto, Harold W.; McKay, K. G.

doi:10.1038/331328a0

Cited by 518 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that the formation of spiral-like carbon structures has been observed in different processes. Kroto and McKay 45 proposed the growth of the spiral shell carbon particles during the condensation of carbon vapor. Ozawa et al 46 showed the formation of 3D spiral carbon particles in a furnace black irradiated by an electron beam.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission study of onionlike carbons produced by annealing nanodiamonds

et al. 2005

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission study of onionlike carbons produced by annealing nanodiamonds

et al. 2005

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“…If a few pentagon carbon rings are introduced in the graphite lattice, a quasi-icosahedral spiral shell can be formed (Figure 6e), but this shell structure is unclosed in order to continuously grow into a larger particle. 11 This core serves as the base for growing a nanotube.…”

Section: Growth Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetically Controlled Growth of Helical and Zigzag Shapes of Carbon Nanotubes

2000

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This paper focuses on the growth mechanism of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes exhibiting helical and zigzag growth morphologies. Our data support a kinetically controlled growth model in which the creation rates of the pentagon and heptagon carbon rings determine the geometrical shapes of the nanotubes. The carbon nanotube is believed to be grown from a carbon cluster that is nucleated from a pentagon carbon ring followed by a spiral shell growth. The pairing of pentagonal-heptagonal (P-H) carbon rings is essential in forming the helical and zigzag structures. If there is no twist in the P-H orientation along the body of the carbon nanotube, a planar-spiral structure would be formed. If the P-H pairs twist their orientations along the growth direction of the nanotube, a helical structure would be formed. The periodicity and the coiling diameter of the helix are determined by the angle of the twist and the distance between the adjacent P-H pairs. If the P-H pairs are densely accumulated at a local region and the interpair distance is small, a node is formed, thus, the zigzag growth morphology.

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“…Some were nearly spherical (see Figure 1.a), whereas the others tended to be polyhedral, as shown in Figure 1.b. [2][3][4] compared the C 60 molecule with nano onions with the regarded images, they found that both showed a closed truncated icosahedral structure. They suggested that CNOs consist of icosahedral concentric layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the NCOs were called also multishell fullerenes. Kroto and McKay [3] proposed that carbon onions may correspond to a series of Goldberg's nested giant fullerenes with the following configuration:C 60 @ C 240 ...@ C 60n 2 H. Terrones [5] added two other new families that exhibited an icosahedral shape in which the interlayer space was equal to the one in the former family. The families of giant fullerenes considered by Terrones' group can be generated by the following series: C 260 @ C 560 @ C 960 ... and C 140 @ C 380 @...Numerous experimental works have revealed the presence of nanoparticles corresponding to: C 60 @ C 240 and C 60 @ C 240 @C 540 [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%