The formation of hydrophobic inorganic nanoparticles in the presence of amphiphilic copolymers

Khrenov, Victor; Schwager, F.; Klapper, Markus; Koch, M.; Müllen, Kläus

doi:10.1007/s00396-006-1468-9

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17] Statistical copolymers were chosen as their stabilizing properties in inverse aqueous emulsions have been demonstrated. [18] The obtained fluorous emulsions enabled the metallocene-catalyzed polymerization of olefins to high molecular weight in the droplets.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallocene‐Catalyzed Polymerization in Nonaqueous Fluorous Emulsion

Nenov

Clark

Klapper

et al. 2007

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A nonaqueous organic‐in‐fluorous emulsion applicable for polymerization using water‐sensitive catalysts is presented. With statistical biphasic copolymers based on poly(4‐hydroxystyrene) containing fluorinated and nonfluorinated alkyl side chains, emulsions of hydrocarbons dispersed in perfluorocarbons were stabilized. The addition of metallocenes, activated by methylalumoxane (MAO), enabled the polymerization of olefins inside this highly hydrophobic system. High molecular weight polyolefin nanoparticles ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ up to 450 000) of polyethylene and poly(propylene) were synthesized without supporting the catalyst and without reactor fouling. In this diffusion‐controlled process, the sizes of the particles were controlled by the reaction time and the ratio of the emulsifier to solvents.

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallocene‐Catalyzed Polymerization in Nonaqueous Fluorous Emulsion

Nenov

Clark

Klapper

et al. 2007

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…This process is not only useful for precipitation processes, but also to form metallic nanoparticles like Cu [26] and Ni [26] by means of reduction ( Table 1). The properties of the formed nanoparticles is illustrated in particular for ZnO due to the importance for the production of UV protective coatings, as ZnO shows a strong absorption at l < 400 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis of hydrophobized particles via an inverse emulsion technique has been reported for dense metal oxide, sulfides, carbonates and also metal nanoparticles. [24,26,27] More complex inorganic materials such as barium-and strontium based-perovskites and core-shell ZnO-SiO 2 nanoparticles are also accessible. As the post-hydrophobization of already existing particles will remain a challenge, the present approach offers a very fast and efficient method for obtaining functionalized nanoparticles.…”

Section: Reagentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first approach (method 1) describes the use of statistical amphiphilic copolymers as surfactants in the preparation of inorganic nanoparticles in an inverse emulsion process. [24][25][26][27] This process offers a broad variety of nanosized inorganic particles, as metal oxides, chalcogenides, carbonates or free metals can be prepared from a saturated salt solution by a precipitation process. Furthermore, more complex inorganic-organic nanoparticles are accessible by this process, such as core-multiple-shell (ZnO-SiO 2 -polymer particles) or perovskite-based particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Inorganic/Organic Core‐Shell Particles by an Inverse Emulsion Technique

Schmidtke

Stelzig

Geidel

et al. 2010

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: Two synthetic approaches to modify the surface of inorganic particles are presented. In the first approach the inorganic particles are prepared in-situ in a confined space in inverse emulsions. The used amphiphilic statistical copolymers act not only as emulsifiers, but they also hydrophobize the remaining inorganic particles after the precipitation. This approach represents a versatile method to obtain various inorganic nanoparticles as well as more complex inorganic materials like coremultiple shell and perovskite-based nanoparticles. The second procedure uses preformed inorganic particles, as an aqueous dispersion, to modify them with surface active amphiphilic copolymers in a multicomponent solvent system. This method turns out to be a simple but highly efficient method to modify preformed inorganic nanoparticles. The particles are characterized by SEM, TEM and dynamic light scattering. The modified inorganic nanoparticles are suitable to be homogenously incorporated into a polymer matrix to form transparent nanocomposite materials.

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“…The most effective approach is nanoparticle surface functionalization to provide hydrophobic functional groups that can mix homogeneously with hydrophobic liquid media, such as organic solvents, and thus readily integrate with the dissolved polymer chains [25][26][27]. Recent work with hybrid materials highlights the importance of organic dispersants as the anchoring and binding species for the nanoparticles and polymers [26,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle and poly(methyl methacrylate) co-dispersion in anisole

Liu

Gervasio

2015

J Mater Sci

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Aqueous nanoparticle dispersions have been widely studied for their important industrial applications, including photocatalyst, coating, and casting. However, much less work has been conducted on nanoparticle dispersions in organic solvents, especially when co-dispersing with dissolved polymers. In this study, we explore TiO 2 / ZnO nanoparticle and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) co-dispersion in organic solvent anisole. To achieve uniformly dispersed suspensions, nanoparticle surface functionalization with nonanoic acid and 1-pentanol is conducted. Nonanoic acid has higher surface coverage on TiO 2 and the two dispersants show similar surface coverage on ZnO. Heat treatment enhances the dispersant adsorption on the nanoparticle surfaces. For both TiO 2 / PMMA and ZnO/PMMA co-dispersions, higher solids loading leads to higher suspension viscosity. Higher volume fraction of nanoparticles in the nanoparticle plus PMMA solid phase results in lower viscosity, mainly by reducing the entanglement of the dissolved PMMA chains.

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The formation of hydrophobic inorganic nanoparticles in the presence of amphiphilic copolymers

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Metallocene‐Catalyzed Polymerization in Nonaqueous Fluorous Emulsion

Metallocene‐Catalyzed Polymerization in Nonaqueous Fluorous Emulsion

Complex Inorganic/Organic Core‐Shell Particles by an Inverse Emulsion Technique

Nanoparticle and poly(methyl methacrylate) co-dispersion in anisole

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