The formation of graphitizing carbons from the liquid phase

Brooks, J.D.; Taylor, G.H.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(65)90047-3

Cited by 466 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…2014 Self-association and the related thermodynamic properties of disc-like molecules in hexadecane were investigated using small angle neutron scattering technique at T = 22 °C. The disc-like molecules studied were 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexapentoxytriphenylene (HET-5), 2,3,6,7,10,, and 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-11-hexa-undecyloxytriphenylene (HET-11) with concentration ranging from 10-5 M to 10-3 M. The three systems all show strong propensity of self-association at the concentration range studied. From various structural analyses we found that the molecules form irregular shape of aggregates at low concentration and become rod-like as concentration increases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we are interested mainly in the interactions of discotic molecules in an aliphatic medium. One plausible implication of this study is to understand the formation of carbonaceous mesophase, which commonly occurs in petroleum and coal tar pitches [9,10]. The carbonaceous mesophase is the basic precursor for making important products such as carbon fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Self-association of disc-like molecules in hexadecane

Sheu¹,

Liang²,

Chiang³

1989

J. Phys. France

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2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexa-undécyloxytriphénylène avec des concentrations comprises entre 10-5 et 10-3 M. Tous ces systèmes montrent une tendance très marquée à la self-association dans la gamme de concentrations étudiée. D'après diverses analyses structurales, nous trouvons que les molécules forment des agrégats qui sont de forme irrégulière à basse concentration et ont la forme de bâtonnets à plus haute concentration. La distribution de taille dérivée du premier principe d' équilibre chimique a été utilisée dans l'analyse des agrégats en forme de bâtonnets et on en a déduit les interactions intermoléculaires.Abstract. 2014 Self-association and the related thermodynamic properties of disc-like molecules in hexadecane were investigated using small angle neutron scattering technique at T = 22 °C. The disc-like molecules studied were 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexapentoxytriphenylene (HET-5), 2,3,6,7,10,, and 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-11-hexa-undecyloxytriphenylene (HET-11) with concentration ranging from 10-5 M to 10-3 M. The three systems all show strong propensity of self-association at the concentration range studied. From various structural analyses we found that the molecules form irregular shape of aggregates at low concentration and become rod-like as concentration increases. A size distribution derived from the first principle of chemical equilibrium was applied to analyze the rod-like aggregate from which the intermolecular interactions was determined.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Self-association of disc-like molecules in hexadecane

Sheu¹,

Liang²,

Chiang³

1989

J. Phys. France

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“…When starting materials are thermalized, cross-linkages are broken and polymerized aromatic molecules form liquid crystal and then adjacent liquid crystals coalesce [8]. The liquid crystals are transformed with an increase of temperature for a certain time [9]. Thus, the material continues to calcination to stabilize the coke by a temperature of around 1000°C.…”

Section: Feedstock Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of needle coke from petroleum by-products

Halim¹,

Im²,

Lee³

2013

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Needle coke is an important material for graphite electrodes. Delayed coking is used to produce needle coke. Producing good quality needle coke is not simple because it is a multi-parameter controlled process. Apart from that, it is important to understand the mechanism responsible for the delayed coking process, which involves mesophase formation and uniaxial rearrangement. Temperature and pressure need to be optimized for the different substances in every feedstock. Saturate hydrocarbon, aromatic, resin and asphaltene compounds are the main components in the delayed coking process for a low Coefficient Thermal Expansion value. In addition, heteroatoms, such as sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen and metal impurities, must be considered for a better graphitization process that prevents the puffing effect and produces better mesophase formation.

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“…In addition to being rich in aromatics these petroleum residues generally have a high C/H ratio and can be good feed stocks for making mesophase pitches, that is, petroleum pitches which contain mesophase spheres. Mesophase pitches are considered to be good starting material for many industrial and advanced carbon products, such as carbon fibres [1], needle coke [2], graphite electrodes [3][4][5], C-C composites [6], fine-grained sintered carbons [7,8], Li-ion battery anodes [9], mesocarbon microbeads [10,11], carbon foam [12] and plasma-facing components for fusion devices [13] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues

Kumar¹,

Srivastava²

2015

Carbon letters

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Mesophase pitch is an important starting material for making a wide spectrum of industrial and advanced carbon products. It is produced by pyrolysis of petroleum residues. In this work, mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues was studied to prepare environmentally-benign mesophase pitches, and the composition of petroleum residues and its influence on the mesophase formation was investigated. Two petroleum residues, i.e., clarified oil s (CLO-1, CLO-2) obtained from fluid catalytic cracking units of different Indian petroleum refineries, were taken as feed stocks. A third petroleum residue, aromatic extract (AE), was produced by extraction of one of the CLO-1 by using N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent. These petroleum residues were thermally treated at 380°C to examine their mesophase formation behavior. Mesophase pitches produced as a result of thermal treatment were characterized physico-chemically, as well as by instrumental techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry. Thermal treatment of these petroleum residues led to formation of a liquid-crystalline phase (mesophase). The mesophase formation behavior in the petroleum residues was analyzed by optical microscopy. Mesophase pitch prepared from CLO-2 exhibited the highest mesophase content (53 vol%) as compared to other mesophase pitches prepared from CLO-1 and AE.

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The formation of graphitizing carbons from the liquid phase

Cited by 466 publications

References 2 publications

Self-association of disc-like molecules in hexadecane

Self-association of disc-like molecules in hexadecane

Preparation of needle coke from petroleum by-products

Mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues

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