The food refuse of an affluent urban household in the late fourteenth century: faunal and botanical remains from the Palazzo Vitelleschi, Tarquinia (Viterbo)

Clark, Gillian; Costantini, Lorenzo; Finetti, Angelo; Giorgi, John; Jones, Anthony; Reese, David S.; Sutherland, Sheila; Whitehouse, David

doi:10.1017/s0068246200009144

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first studies to use genome-wide data found that R. norvegicus moved out of China into southeast Asia from which it became a truly global menace a few hundred years ago when brown rats were moved all over the world by European colonial powers (Puckett et al 2016). Molecular data used in coalescent models estimated European rats diverged approximately 1227 AD (90% Highest Density Probability (HDP): 589-1781 AD) (Puckett and Munshi-South 2019); this time frame was congruent with brown rat archeological remains found in Tarquinia, Italy where the site was dated from 1390-1436 (Clark et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands

et al. 2019

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Population genomics offers innovative approaches to test hypotheses related to the source and timing of introduction of invasive species. These approaches are particularly appropriate to study colonization of island ecosystems. The brown rat is a cold-hardy global invasive that has reached most of the world's island ecosystems, including even highly isolated archipelagoes such as the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Historic records tell of rats rafting to the southern island of Suðuroy in 1768 following a shipwreck off the coast of Scotland, then expanding across the archipelago. We investigated the demographic history of brown rats in the Faroes using 50,174 SNPs. We inferred three independent introductions of rats, including to Suðuroy, the islands of Borðoy and Viðoy, and onto Streymoy from which they expanded to Eysturoy and Vágar. All Faroese populations showed signs of strong bottlenecks and declining effective population size. We inferred that these founder events removed low frequency alleles, the exact data needed to estimate recent demographic histories. Therefore, we were unable to accurately estimate the timing of each invasion. The difficulties with demographic inference may be applicable to other invasive species, particularly those with extreme and recent bottlenecks. We identified three invasions of brown rats to the Faroe Islands that resulted in highly differentiated populations that will be useful for future studies of life history variation and genomic adaptation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands

et al. 2019

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“…According to the archaeozoological record, the most recent finds are comprised between the 12th and the 15th centuries (Clark 1989, Riedel 1994, Baker 2007. A few literary references, mainly Amatus Lusitanus (1553) and Aldrovandi (1637), suggest that the last Italian beaver populations resisted in Polesine (the easternmost area of the Po Plain) between the mid 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution history of the Eurasian beaver in Italy

2019

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The genus Castor first appeared in the Palaearctic region during the Late Miocene, while the current species, Castor fiber, is widely accepted to have emerged in the Early Pleistocene. In the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Pleistocene), the beaver disappeared from most of the Western Palaearctic, only surviving in a few relic areas including the south-eastern Alpine Chain as shown by new data. After the subsequent extended repopulation in the warmer phases of the Lateglacial and in the early Holocene, the species once again disappeared locally from several countries, including Italy, between the 17th and the 20th centuries. Direct or indirect persecution by humans seems to be the main cause of beaver extinction in Europe. In Low Medieval Italy, it is more likely that the disappearance of the beaver between the 16th and 17th centuries was due to habitat alteration and human population pressure. Numerous reclamations have been carried out since the late Middle Ages, mostly in the easternmost area of the Po Valley, the last beaver refuge in Italy. Eurasian beaver was common in the northern and widespread in the central part of Italy, but always absent in southern Italy, probably due to unfavourable hydrological conditions of watercourses in the latter.

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“…According to historical texts (Le Glay, 1975;Fourquin, 1975), most archaeobotanical and sedimentological (Brochier, 1983) analyses detected the major deforestation phase between the 9th and the 13th centuries  [Eastern Spain (Planchais & Parra Vergara, 1984;Riera-Mora & Esteban-Amat, 1994), Dordogne (Diot & Laborie, 1989), Roussillon (Planchais, 1985), Languedoc (Durand & Vernet, 1987;Chabal, 1991;Durand, 1991Durand, , 1992, French Alps (Colardelle & Vedrel, 1993), Puglia (Martin, 1984), Sicily (Bossard-Beck, 1984: 645)]. Data on this topic are peculiarly scarce from the area around the Tyrrhenian Sea (Barker & Hodges, 1981;Clark et al, 1989).…”

Section: T He Landscapes Of Western Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Mammal Fossil Assemblages as Indicators of Environmental Change in Northern Corsica during the Last 2500 Years

Vigne

Valladas

1996

Journal of Archaeological Science

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The food refuse of an affluent urban household in the late fourteenth century: faunal and botanical remains from the Palazzo Vitelleschi, Tarquinia (Viterbo)

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands

Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands

Late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution history of the Eurasian beaver in Italy

Small Mammal Fossil Assemblages as Indicators of Environmental Change in Northern Corsica during the Last 2500 Years

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