The food preservative sodium propionate induces hyperglycaemic state and neurological disorder in zebrafish

Xu, Yixin; Zhang, Shuhui; Luan, Jialu; Fu, Zhenhua; Sun, Mingzhu; Zhao, Xin; Feng, Xisheng

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107123

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, the FMT experiment also supported that most indexes related to glucolipid metabolism showed no significant differences after a long intake of SB, although TG and leptin levels were signally changed. Other preservatives also brought undesirable sideeffects and changed the sensory and nutritional properties [31,32]. These results stated that SB intake for 10 weeks was relatively safe on glucolipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Host Health: Insight into Physiological Indexes and Gut Microbiota

Xiao,

Ruan,

et al. 2023

Foods

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Sodium benzoate (SB) is a common food preservative widely used in the food industry. However, the effects of SB intake on host health at different stages were still unclear. Hence, we investigated the impact of SB with three concentrations (150 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and at three stages (intake for 5-weeks, intake for 10-weeks and removal for 5 weeks) on host health in normal mice. The results showed that SB intake for 5 weeks slightly changed gut microbiota composition, but it significantly increased TG (only 150 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and blood glucose levels (only 500 mg/kg) and promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.01). However, SB intake for 10 weeks mostly maintained normal glucolipid metabolism; although, IL-1β (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.05) levels were also significantly increased and positively regulated the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and significantly decreasing the relative abundance of Ileibacterium. Meanwhile, the safety of SB for host metabolism and gut microbiota was also confirmed via a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. In addition, we found that SB removal after 10 weeks of intake significantly increased the levels of blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index, which might be attributed to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Mechanistically, these positive effects and negative effects had no close relationship with the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the gut, which might be associated with metabolites of SB or special bacterial strains. In short, this work provided positive evidence for the safety of SB consumption within the recommended range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Host Health: Insight into Physiological Indexes and Gut Microbiota

Xiao,

Ruan,

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Mitochondrial dysfunction can affect glucose metabolism, and previous studies have indicated that sodium propionate leads to pancreatic developmental disorders in zebrafish. 29 We observed the pancreatic morphology of 5 dpf (days post fertilization larvae using transgenic zebrafish (Tg(ela3l:EGFP))), revealing reduced fluorescence intensity and blurred morphological boundaries after sodium propionate exposure (Fig. 6(A,B)).…”

Section: Melatonin Alleviates Pancreatic Development and Metabolic Di...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Melatonin protects zebrafish pancreatic development and physiological rhythms from sodium propionate‐induced disturbances via the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis

Xu,

Zhang,

Bao

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDThe widespread use of sodium propionate as a preservative in food may affect public health. We aimed to assess the effects of sodium propionate on circadian rhythms and pancreatic development in zebrafish and the possible underlying mechanisms.RESULTSIn this experiment, we analyzed the relationship between circadian rhythms and pancreatic development and then revealed the role of the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish. The results showed that sodium propionate interfered with the rhythmic behavior of zebrafish, and altered the expression of important rhythmic genes. Experimental data revealed that pancreatic morphology and developmental genes were altered after sodium propionate exposure. Additionally, thyroid hormone levels and key gene expression associated with the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis were significantly altered. Melatonin at a concentration of 1 μmol L−1, with a mild effect on zebrafish, observably alleviated sodium propionate‐induced disturbances in circadian rhythms and pancreatic development, as well as regulating the thyroid system.CONCLUSIONMelatonin, while modulating the thyroid system, significantly alleviates sodium propionate‐induced circadian rhythm disturbances and pancreatic developmental disorders. We further revealed the deleterious effects of sodium propionate as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on circadian rhythm, pancreatic development and the thyroid system. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Notably, our previous research revealed that high concentrations of the food preservative propionate can induce functional disruptions in glucose metabolism in zebra sh, leading to a hyperglycemic state and subsequent alterations in circadian rhythm behavior and neurological function, ultimately culminating in cognitive and behavioral impairments [30,31]. To further elucidate the mechanisms by which propionate exposure, in conjunction with a high-fat diet, in uences blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and neuronal activity, thereby contributing to behavioral changes, we conducted a 6-week study involving mice exposed to propionate via drinking water in combination with a high-fat diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short-chain fatty acid propionate exacerbates anxiety and cognitive deficits in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by impairing hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation

Zuo,

Bai,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Short-chain fatty acid propionate is a frequently used food preservative. However, excessive use of preservatives can pose environmental and public health risks. In addition, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global public health concern. This study investigates whether propionate exposure affects the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance and neurobehavioral effects in high-fat diet mice. In this study, six-week-old male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: standard diet (SD), propionate (15 mg/kg) (Pro), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with propionate (15 mg/kg) (HFD + Pro). After six weeks, the results indicated that exposure to HFD + Pro led to exacerbated weight gain, and fatty liver pathological changes, and affected glucose metabolism and insulin resistance compared to HFD mice. Furthermore, the HFD + Pro mice displayed heightened anxiety and depression behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced swim tests, as well as cognitive and social impairments in the novel object recognition and social interaction tests. Additionally, HFD + Pro affects neuronal morphology and results in hippocampal loss, activates microglia, and leads to upregulation of neuroinflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β, and downregulation of IL-4 and IL-10. In conclusion, propionate exacerbates insulin resistance, impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and produces neuroinflammation, leading to behavioral deficits in HFD mice, this study provides evidence supporting the involvement of propionate in the pathogenesis of T2DM and brain neurobehavioral abnormalities. Further assessment of propionate safety is warranted.

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The food preservative sodium propionate induces hyperglycaemic state and neurological disorder in zebrafish

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

The Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Host Health: Insight into Physiological Indexes and Gut Microbiota

The Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Host Health: Insight into Physiological Indexes and Gut Microbiota

Melatonin protects zebrafish pancreatic development and physiological rhythms from sodium propionate‐induced disturbances via the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis

The short-chain fatty acid propionate exacerbates anxiety and cognitive deficits in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by impairing hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation

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