The Floral and Extra‐floral Nectaries of Passiflora. I. The Floral Nectary

Durkee, Lenore T.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1981.tb07789.x

Cited by 72 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The presence of plastids containing starch grains suggests intensive synthesis of sugars which are accumulated in the cells of the nectariferous layer and then used for nectar production. Such correlations in nectariferous tissue cells are also reported by other authors (Durkee et al 1981;Belmonte et al 1994;Nepi et al 1996;Weryszko-Chmielewska et al 2003;Paiva and Machado 2008). The remaining cells of the dogwood gland, exhibiting symptoms of destruction, were characterized by a structure similar to that observed in cells of the nectaries in other plants after several days from the end of the nectar secretion stage (Zer and Fahn 1992;Nepi et al 1996;O'Brien et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Flower nectary structure in Cornus alba L.

Konarska

2010

Plant Syst Evol

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The structure of the floral nectaries of Cornus alba was studied using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the nectary gland of white dogwood had the shape of a fleshy ring surrounding the base of the style of the inferior ovary. Nectar secretion occurs through slightly depressed stomata, evenly distributed in the epidermis of the nectary. The nectariferous tissue is composed of over a dozen layers of heterogeneously structured cells. Between groups of cells with a typical structure, characteristic for the secretory tissue, cells occur with degenerated content and a high degree of vacuolization. In the area of the nectary gland cells, no vascular tissue elements were observed. The nectary was irrigated by the vasculature of the flower receptacle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Flower nectary structure in Cornus alba L.

Konarska

2010

Plant Syst Evol

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“…Arbo (1972) considered that the extrafl oral nectaries of Byttneria, a genus of Sterculiaceae, which, together with Malvaceae, comprise the order Malvales, constitute a source of food that attracts ants. It is remarkable that the EFNs of H. pernambucensis produce abundant lipids and, as described for other species (Roth 1968, Durkee et al 1981, Machado 1999, these substances may be part of the exudate acting as a food source, especially for ants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The secretory trichomes of H. pernambucensis have common characteristics to nectaries of different species, such as plastids with prominent starch grains, abundant dictyosomes, numerous mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (Fahn 1979;Durkee et al 1981;Durkee 1983;Eleftheriou & Hall 1983;Robards & Stark 1988;Sawidis et al 1989;Sawidis 1991;Figueiredo & Pais 1992;Pais & Figueiredo 1994;Jian et al 1997;Sawidis 1998;Fahn & Shimony 2001;Nepi et al 1996;Paiva & Machado 2006, 2008. Plastids, especially amyloplasts, play an important role in the production of nectar, with the starch totally or partially hydrolyzed during the manifestations of secretory activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, ultrastructure and secretion of Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae) extrafloral nectary

Rocha¹,

Machado²

2009

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Anatomy, ultrastructure and secretion of Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae) extrafl oral nectary). This paper reports on the extrafl oral nectary (EFN) of Hibiscus pernambucensis, a native shrub species occurring in mangrove and restinga along Brazil's coastline. EFNs occur as furrows with a protuberant border on the abaxial surface veins of the leaf blade. Each nectary consists of numerous secretory multicellular trichomes, epidermal cells in palisade-like arrangements and non-vascularized parenchyma tissue. Nectar secretion is prolonged, since secretion starts in very young leaves and remains up to completely expanded leaves. Reduced sugars, lipids, and proteins were histochemically detected in all the nectary cells; phenolic substances were detected in the vacuoles of the epidermal palisade cells and in some secretory trichome cells. The secretory cells that constitute the body of trichomes have large nuclei, dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria, dictyosomes, scattered lipid droplets and plastids with different inclusions: protein, lipid droplets or starch grains; vacuoles with different sizes have membranous material, phenolic and lipophilic substances. The palisade cells show thick periclinal walls, reduced cytoplasm with voluminous lipid drops and developed vacuoles. The nectary parenchyma cells contain abundant plasmodesmata and cytoplasm with scattered lipid droplets, mitochondria, plastids with starch grains and endoplasmic reticulum. Mucilage idioblasts are common in the inner nectary parenchyma. Protoderm and ground meristem participate in the formation of EFN. Our data indicate that all nectary regions are involved in nectar production and secretion, constituting a functional unit. Longevity of the extrafl oral nectaries is likely associated with the presence of mucilage idioblasts, which increases the capacity of the nectary parenchyma to store water.Key words -anatomy, extrafl oral nectary, Hibiscus pernambucensis, histochemistry, ultrastructure RESUMO -(Anatomia, ultra-estrutura e secreção do nectário extrafl oral de Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae)). Este trabalho descreve o nectário extrafl oral (NEF) de Hibiscus pernambucensis, uma espécie nativa encontrada ao longo do litoral brasileiro, vegetando áreas de manguezal e restinga. NEFs ocorrem como sulcos profundos com bordo saliente sobre as nervuras na face abaxial da lâmina foliar. Cada nectário consiste de numerosos tricomas secretores multicelulares, células epidérmicas dispostas em paliçada e parênquima não vascularizado. Açúcares redutores, lipídeos e proteínas foram histoquimicamente detectados em todas as células do nectário. Compostos fenólicos ocorrem nos vacúolos das células epidérmicas e na porção bisseriada dos tricomas secretores. As células que formam o corpo dos tricomas secretores apresentam núcleo volumoso, citoplasma denso com muitas mitocôndrias, dictiossomos, gotas lipídicas esparsas e plastídios com diferentes tipos de inclusões: proteínas, gotas de óleo ou grãos de amido; os vacúolos poss...

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“…These wall ingrowths are common in other outer walls of the secretory cells of nectaries (Durkee et al, 1981;Fahn, 1988) fig 3). Avant la sécrétion, les…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Floral nectaries from Limodorum abortivum (L) Sw and Epipactis atropurpurea Rafin (Orchidaceae): ultrastructural changes in plastids during the secretory process

Pais

Figueiredo

1994

Apidologie

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Summary — Ultrastructural features of the floral nectaries of 2 orchid species, Limodorum abortivum (L) Sw and Epipactis atropurpurea Rafin, were compared. In particular, ultrastructural changes were followed in the plastids throughout the process of nectar secretion. There is evidence that plastids play an important role in this process. Before secretion begins, plastids of epidermal and subepidermal cells of the nectaries of both species, accumulated large quantities of starch. However, during the phase of nectar secretion, the plastids were found to contain little if any, starch, suggesting that starch degradation had augmented nectar sugar production. Plastoglobuli were evident during all developmental stages. The tubular reticulum found in plastids of pre-secretory nectaries was still evident during secretion, but was then found to contain an unknown, dense osmiophilic material. The floral nectary of L abortivum is sucrose dominant, whereas that of Eatropurpurea is hexose rich. Therefore, the differences in nectar-carbohydrate composition are apparently not explainable by the similar ultrastructural changes of their floral nectaries. Further investigation is required to determine the biochemical basis for the disparity in nectar sugar composition between these 2 species.

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The Floral and Extra‐floral Nectaries of Passiflora. I. The Floral Nectary

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Flower nectary structure in Cornus alba L.

Flower nectary structure in Cornus alba L.

Anatomy, ultrastructure and secretion of Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae) extrafloral nectary

Floral nectaries from Limodorum abortivum (L) Sw and Epipactis atropurpurea Rafin (Orchidaceae): ultrastructural changes in plastids during the secretory process

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