The Flavonoid and Alkaloid Content of Cyclosorus Parasiticus (Linn.) Farwell Ferns at the Plantation Areas of Jember Regency

Abstract

Cyclosorusparasiticus(Linn.) Farwell is one potential medicinal ferns. The plant contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the flavonoid and alkanoidofCyclosorusparasiticus (Linn.) Farwell in three plantation areas of Jember Regency. Plant samples were collected from Mount Gumitir coffee plantations, Pine Garahan Village and rubber and cocoa plantations in Tancak in Jember. Samples of stems and leaves were dried at room temperature and then blended to obtain a powder. One gram of powder samples was macerated in 90 ml of methanol for 3x24 hours then was concentrated with an evaporator to obtain a crude extract. The crude extract was tested qualitatively for flavonoids and alkaloids by the Willstätter and Dragendorff methods followed by quantitatively tests with Spectrophotometric. The results showed thatboth flavonoids and alkaloids were found in stem and leavesof Cyclosorusparasiticus (Linn) Farwell growing at three research locations. The flavonoids and alkaloidsin content found in leaveswas higher than those in stem organs. The leaves of Cyclosorusparasiticus (Linn) Farwell in Gumitir contain the highest flavonoids and alkaloidscontentsthan those in Tancak.

Phytochemical Study of Green Meniran Herb (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and Red Meniran Herb (Phyllanthus urinaria L.) in Jekan Raya Sub-district of Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province

“…The main requirement for an alkaloid compound is that it contains a nitrogen atom at every position in its molecule, but does not include nitrogen in amide or peptide bonds. Therefore, an increase in the formation of amino acids can also affect the increase in alkaloids (Pratiwi et al 2020;Setyati et al 2020;Bribi 2018). Alkaloids are formed from the photosynthetic carbohydrates that undergo glycolysis to become acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A, through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, will form amino acids, which are precursors for the formation of aliphatic alkaloids.…”

“…Alkaloids are formed from the photosynthetic carbohydrates that undergo glycolysis to become acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A, through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, will form amino acids, which are precursors for the formation of aliphatic alkaloids. Alkaloids can also be produced from aromatic amino acids produced from phosphoenolpyruvate via the shikimic acid pathway (Setyati et al 2020). Alkaloid group compounds have a strong pharmacological effect.…”

“…Flavonoids are secondary metabolites formed from phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate from the glycolysis stage in the plant respiration process. Phosphoenolpyruvate will be formed into phenolic compounds via the shikimic acid pathway, while pyruvate will be formed via the malonic acid pathway (Setyati et al 2020). Flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds.…”

Phytochemical Analysis of Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) Roots Extract From Lawang and Kawi Mountain Cultivar, East Java, Indonesia

“…Environmental factors such as the difference in growth altitude, soil pH, daily temperature, and light intensity were contributed to the content of phytochemical compounds in plants [26]. The range of daily temperature has affected the accumulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.…”

Antimicrobial and Phytochemistry study of Dendrobium linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. from Gumitir, Jember, Indonesia

“…Gumitir is a mountainous area located on the border between the Jember and Banyuwangi regions at an altitude of 440-625 m above sea level with an area of 1.2 thousand ha [1][2]. This mountainous tropical forest area is home to a diverse range of flora.…”