The Fiscal Origins of Comparative Inequality Levels: An Empirical and Historical Investigation

Global Dynamics of Gini Coefficients of Education for 146 Countries: Update to 1950-2015 and a Compact Guide to the Literature

“…Földvari and van Leeuwen (2011) find a negative effect of education Ginis on per capita income for non-OECD countries but not for OECD countries when education Ginis are made from Barro-Lee data, but not when made from Cohen-Soto data leading to half the number of observations. Irarrázaval (2020) shows for average numbers across Latin American countries that average years of schooling are increasing since the availability of data in 1900, Gini coefficients of education are falling since their availability 1950 and the polity2 index goes up only since 1970. Blom et al (2001) attribute a reduction in wage inequality for Brazil more to the fall of returns to education than to educational inequality.…”

“…Hou (2018) and Hou and Karayalcin (2019) observe that Gini coefficients of education are falling over time in Latin American countries, but primary exports mitigate this fall and lead to more inequality in education. Irarrázaval (2020) provides an IV regression where educational inequality is explained by native population density in 1500, whereas a democratization index is statistically insignificant.…”