“…Non‐syndromic TA is further categorized according to the missing teeth, as follows: hypodontia (absence of 1–5 permanent teeth, which excludes the third molars), oligodontia (absence of ≥6 permanent teeth, which excludes the third molars), and anodontia (complete lack of teeth) (Wang et al., 2016). Most cases of TA stem from genetic variants, and variants in the PAX9 (OMIM #167416), WNT10B (OMIM #601906), MSX1 (OMIM #142983), WNT10A (OMIM #606268), AXIN2 (OMIM #604025), EDAR (OMIM #604095), EDA (OMIM #300451), EDARADD (OMIM #606603), and LRP6 (OMIM #603507) genes were linked to NSTA (Khan et al., 2022; Mumtaz et al., 2020; Song et al., 2020; Zeng et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021). Of these, MSX1 was the first gene identified to cause NSTA.…”