The first Hawai‘i workshop for coral restoration &amp; nurseries

Forsman, ZH; Maurin, Paulo; Parry, Matthew; Chung, Anne Elizabeth; Sartor, Carmen Elena; Hixon, MA; Hughes, Kira; Rodgers, Kuʻulei S.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Gulko, DA; Franklin, Erik C.; Torres, LG; Chan, NT; Wolke, CS; Gates, RD; Toonen, RJ

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.009

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In situ enhancement of coral larval supply and recruitment is an emerging tool to replenish degraded reefs (Heyward et al 2002, Cooper et al 2014, dela Cruz & Harrison 2017. Similarly, the culture of 'super corals' is an emerging management strategy aiming to enhance reef resilience and recovery via transplanting and outplanting of adapted corals (Auberson 1982, Barton et al 2017, Beyer et al 2018, Camp et al 2018b, Forsman et al 2018. There has been success transplanting fragments of A. hyacinthus and a range of other coral species onto reefs including in Japan (Okubo et al 2005), the Maldives (Clark & Edwards 1995) and the Caribbean (Bruckner & Bruckner 2001, Ladd et al 2018.…”

Section: Who Were the Winners?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority species to support the functional integrity of coral reefs

Wolfe¹,

Anthony²,

Babcock³

et al. 2020

Oceanography and Marine Biology

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Ecosystem-based management on coral reefs has historically focussed on biodiversity conservation through the establishment of marine reserves, but it is increasingly recognised that a subset of species can be key to the maintenance of ecosystem processes and functioning. Specific provisions for these key taxa are essential to biodiversity conservation and resilience-based adaptive management. While a wealth of literature addresses ecosystem functioning on coral reefs, available information covers only a subset of specific taxa, ecological processes and environmental 180 KENNEDY WOLFE ET AL. stressors. What is lacking is a comparative assessment across the diverse range of coral reef species to synthesise available knowledge to inform science and management. Here we employed expert elicitation coupled with a literature review to generate the first comprehensive assessment of 70 taxonomically diverse and functionally distinct coral reef species from microbes to top predators to summarise reef functioning. Although our synthesis is largely through the lens of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, a particularly data-rich system, it is relevant to coral reefs in general. We use this assessment to evaluate which taxa drive processes that maintain a healthy reef and whether management of these taxa is considered a priority (i.e. are they vulnerable?) or is feasible (i.e. can they be managed?). Scientific certainty was scored to weight our recommendations, particularly when certainty was low. We use five case studies to highlight critical gaps in knowledge that limit our understanding of ecosystem functioning. To inform the development of novel management strategies and research objectives, we identify taxa that support positive interactions and enhance ecosystem performance, including those where these roles are currently underappreciated. We conclude that current initiatives effectively capture many priority taxa but that there is significant room to increase opportunities for underappreciated taxa in both science and management to maximally safeguard coral reef functioning.

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Section: Who Were the Winners?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority species to support the functional integrity of coral reefs

Wolfe¹,

Anthony²,

Babcock³

et al. 2020

Oceanography and Marine Biology

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“…The devastation to and decline of reefs in the recent past ( De’ath et al, 2012 ; Gardner et al, 2003 ; Pandolfi & Jackson, 2006 ) has spurred many in the field of marine conservation to shift focus from habitat protection (more passive, classic conservation biology) to more active intervention management or restoration ecology ( Anthony et al, 2017 ; Epstein, Bak & Rinkevich, 2003 ; van Oppen et al, 2017 ). This shift has fueled the development of a number of novel strategies, with variations, that exist under the umbrella of conservation and restoration, including land-based aquaria and ocean-based nurseries that utilize fragments (asexual reproduction) and larval recruits (sexual reproduction) as strategies for restoration ( Chamberland et al, 2015 ; dela Cruz & Harrison, 2017 ; Forsman et al, 2018 ; Guest et al, 2014 ; Nedimyer, Gaines & Roach, 2011 ; Page, Muller & Vaughan, 2018 ; Rinkevich, 2000 ; Ware et al, 2020 ). The concept of ‘coral gardening’ within an ocean nursery has become a familiar method used in restoration projects that has shown promise, and the overwhelming majority of corals used in nursery restoration have typically been fast growing, branching species ( Boström-Einarsson et al, 2020 ; Forsman et al, 2012 ; Rinkevich, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and survival among Hawaiian corals outplanted from tanks to an ocean nursery are driven by individual genotype and species differences rather than preconditioning to thermal stress

Henley

Bouwmeester

Jury

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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The drastic decline in coral coverage has stimulated an interest in reef restoration, and various iterations of coral nurseries have been used to augment restoration strategies. Here we examine the growth of two species of Hawaiian Montipora that were maintained in mesocosms under either ambient or warmed annual bleaching conditions for two consecutive years prior to outplanting to determine whether preconditioning aided coral restoration efforts. Using coral trees to create a nearby ocean nursery, we examined whether: (1) previous ex situ mesocosm growth would mirror in situ coral tree nursery growth; and (2) thermal ex situ stress-hardening would predict future success during natural warming events in situ for corals moved from tanks to trees. For Montipora capitata, we found that variation in growth was explained primarily by genotype; growth rates in the mesocosms were similar to those in situ, irrespective of preconditioning. Variation in M. flabellata growth, however, was explained by both genotype and culture method such that an individual M. flabellata colony that grew well in the tanks did not necessarily perform as well on the coral trees. For both species, previous exposure to elevated temperatures in the mesocosms provided no benefit to either growth or survival during a warming event in the coral tree nursery compared to those grown in ambient temperatures. Overall, M. capitata performed better in the tree nursery with higher net growth, lower mortality, and was subject to less predation than M. flabellata. Our results show little benefit of the additional cost and time of stress-hardening these corals prior to outplanting because it is unlikely to aid resilience to future warming events. These results also suggest that selecting corals for restoration based on long-term genotype growth performance may be more effective for optimal outcomes but should be weighed against other factors, such as coral morphology, in situ nursery method, location, and other characteristics.

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“…A number of reef restoration projects have been established in many nations in response to this global decline in coral reef condition (e.g., Bayraktarov et al, 2016; Forsman et al, 2018; Goreau & Hilbertz, 2008; Hein et al, 2018; Lirman & Schopmeyer, 2016). These mostly involve coral gardening approaches whereby fragments of existing coral colonies are collected and then reared, often by attaching them to an artificial substrate suspended in the water‐column in a nursery location (Maragos, 1974).…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the incentives of participating organizations influence the current scales of coral reef restoration activities

Gibbs,

Jackel,

Ames

et al. 2024

Aquatic Conservation

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Coral reef restoration activities have increased globally over recent decades in response to the ongoing decline in condition of the worlds' reefs. Current practices of coral reef restoration are now undertaken in most of the tropical regions of the world. However, the scale of individual projects remains small in the context of the scale of threats to reefs. An increasing number of studies have considered the barriers to scaling up projects, but few of these have considered the critical role that participating organizations play in influencing and determining the scale that projects can achieve. An institutional analysis is undertaken here to elucidate these barriers. The primary conclusion from this analysis is that the present mix of organizations undertaking reef restoration activities will likely have to alter as at‐scale approaches are introduced. What this new mix of organizations will look like will be location‐specific and dependent upon for example health and safety, and environmental approvals requirements, and the requirements for funding and operating infrastructure.

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The first Hawai‘i workshop for coral restoration & nurseries

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Priority species to support the functional integrity of coral reefs

Priority species to support the functional integrity of coral reefs

Growth and survival among Hawaiian corals outplanted from tanks to an ocean nursery are driven by individual genotype and species differences rather than preconditioning to thermal stress

How the incentives of participating organizations influence the current scales of coral reef restoration activities

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