The first finding ofCryptosporidium baileyi in man

Abstract

Oocysts of cryptosporidia whose morphology and measurements corresponded with those of the species Cryptosporidium baileyi were found in the stool of an immunodeficient patient. In autopsy material, cryptosporidia were found in the esophagus, whole intestine, trachea, larynx, lungs, and gall and urinary bladders. None of the 69 suckling mice inoculated with this isolate developed cryptosporidial infection. Infection was successful in 26 chickens inoculated perorally and 6 others subjected to intratracheal inoculation; it was localized in the duodenum, jejunum, bursa Fabricii, and respiratory tract. From day 12 after infection, oocysts of cryptosporidia were found in the excrement. Human infection with C. baileyi may have occurred due to disruption of the immune system by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to immunosuppressive therapy undertaken after allogeneic kidney transplantation.

The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

“…Immunocompromised individuals may experience disseminated cryptosporidiosis in other organ systems. In addition to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, Cryptosporidium forms have been identified in the hepatobiliary system (53-58), pancreas (56,59), and urinary bladder (60), highlighting the unusual ability of this parasite to colonize most, if not all, mucosal epithelial surfaces. These widespread infections have been observed mostly in hosts with dysfunctional immune systems, which are unable to control or eliminate the parasite.…”

“…While two patients from whom only Cryptosporidium was recovered were asymptomatic and lacked radiographic evidence of lung disease (58), the overwhelming majority had a cough, with or without respiratory distress, and pulmonary infiltrates on thoracic radiographs. Furthermore, Cryptosporidium has been the only organism identified deep within the lung by BAL (57,63,64,103,105,106,121) and autopsy (60), implying an intimate association between the parasite and the respiratory tract.…”

“…Histopathologic sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin reveal multiple parasite forms lining the mucosal epithelium at the luminal surface of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, with occasional organisms identified within bronchial mucous glands (60,98,102,103) (Fig. 2).…”

Epidemiology and Clinical Features ofCryptosporidiumInfection in Immunocompromised Patients

“…In the study from Kenya, Switzerland, and the United States, it was found that of 22 isolates examined 6 were C. felis and 2 were C. meleagridis (89). Ditrich et al reported an infection in a patient which they identified as due to C. baileyi, normally a parasite of birds (35). However, this organism was later shown to be antigenically different from C. baileyi (36).…”

Zoonoses: Proceedings of the third Liverpool Tropical School Bayer Symposium on Microbial Diseases held on 3 February 1996

“…Whilst mammalian species do not usually infect birds and vice versa, there is a lack of host specificity within mammals. Most cryptosporidial infections and disease in man and other mammals is associated with the enteric species, C. parvzim, although there is one report of infection in an AIDS patient, with C. baileyi [159].…”