The first finding of a Greek amphora in Poland

Czopek, Sylwester; Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna; Trąbska, Joanna; Trybalska, B.; Adamik-Proksa, Joanna; Burghardt, Marcin; Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Ewelina; Tokarczyk, Tomasz; Rajpold, Wojciech

doi:10.1515/pz-2021-0006

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Rozpoznanie wielkiego grodziska w Chotyńcu z całym zapleczem regionalnym otworzyło nowe możliwości interpretacyjne także dla wschodniołużyckiego świata (Trybała-Zawiślak 2019, 264-311;. Trzeba zaznaczyć, że badania "chotynieckie" ciągle trwają, a systematycznie publikowane są kolejne źródła i ich interpretacje (Czopek 2019;Czopek, Krąpiec 2020;Czopek et al 2021;Burghardt 2020;. Obecność tak ważnego ośrodka, nie tylko osadniczego, ale zapewne też administracyjnego i obrzędowego, wyjaśnia znaczące nagromadzenie w całej wschodniej strefie "łużyckiej" zabytków tzw.…”

Section: Południowy Wschódunclassified

Koniec „łużyckiego świata”

Czopek

2022

Mat i Spra Rzesz Oś Arch

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The article is devoted to the disappearance of the Lusatian cultural circle, also traditionally called the Lusatian culture or, in more recent literature, the Lusatian urnfields. At the beginning, terminological issues are clarified and views on the disappearance of this cultural unit, which played an important role in Central Europe in the middle of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, are presented. The main analytical part focuses on four regions within today’s borders of Poland – north-western, north-eastern, south-western and south-eastern. This is due to the sharply outlined foreign cultural features that are particularly sharp in these regions. This applies to the infiltration of the Jastorf culture (and earlier Nordic influences), the Baltic circle, the Hallstatt cultural complex and the Eastern European nomadic world. They are the aftermath of migration movements of varying intensity and chronology, but always within the early Iron Age (9th/8th–5th centuries BC). Signs of the structural crisis of the local Lusatian communities, which are very fragmented and do not constitute a cultural monolith, are also important for the considerations undertaken. The issue of changes in the natural environment on the border of the subboreal and subatlantic periods is also considered.

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Section: Południowy Wschódunclassified

Koniec „łużyckiego świata”

Czopek

2022

Mat i Spra Rzesz Oś Arch

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Absolute Chronology of the Rampart of the Early Iron Age Hillfort in Chotyniec Near Radymno (Southeastern Poland) in the Context of Radiocarbon Dating

Czopek,

Krąpiec,

Pawlyta

et al. 2023

Radiocarbon

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The Early Iron Age hillfort in Chotyniec (SE Poland) is the westernmost permanent settlement of the Scythian cultural circle. Recognizing the construction of the fortified settlement’s ramparts and their chronology was considered one of the priorities of the systematic research conducted since 2016. Based on 18 radiocarbon dated samples from different parts of the rampart, a chronological model of its functioning was made. It indicates that the construction of this monumental fortifications protecting the settlement in Chotyniec should be dated to between 651–595 or 531–409 BC. This dating synchronizes well with the chronology of the most important ritual and ceremonial object within the Chotyniec settlement—the so-called zolnik and other Scythian settlements from the East European forest-steppe zone.

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The Fortified Settlement in Chotyniec in Previous Studies

Czopek¹,

Trybała-Zawiślak²,

Tokarczyk³

2022

journal

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The article presents the current state of research on the hillfort in Chotyniec, excavated since 2016. The scope and methods of excavations and other research works (e. g. geophysical prospection) are discussed. So far, the focus has been on studying the «zolnik» and identifying the embankments, uncovering an impressive array of artifacts and recording very interesting stratigraphic observations. The original size of the «zolnik» can be calculated (estimated) on the basis of the preserved systems of scattered layers, saturated with burning and charcoal. In the horizontal projection, they marked an almost circular surface with approximate dimensions of 20.8 (E—W) × 21 m (N—S). The maximum height of the «zolnik» could be up to 2 m from its base. The arrangement of layers turned out to be very interesting, allowing the reconstruction of the stages of setting up and using this object. It provided an exceptional amount of artifacts — fragments of ceramics, including Greek amphoras for wine, brown and bone arrowheads, brown pins, a necklace and small ornaments, glass and ceramic beads, clay spindles, «katushki» and a fragment of a figurine. The series of other ceramics is also very important, among which typical forms like pots and bowls. Completely reconstructed amphora of Klazomenei, as well as fragments of others, including those related to the Lesbos circle, indicate a convergent chronology at the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 6th century BC. A similar chronology is shared by brown and bone arrowheads, representing different types within four main groups dated from the end or even from the 2nd half of the 7th century BC to the middle of the 6th century BC. On the other hand, the series of radiocarbon dates, in connection with the stratigraphy, shows a slightly different chronological range. It confirms the older horizon from the second half of the 7th century, but also clearly points to the 6th—5th centuries BC, and one of the dates is even younger. The hillfort in Chotyniec, together with the surrounding settlements, forms a very interesting settlement complex — the most northwestern enclave of the Scythian cultural circle. We can say that it is an extremely interesting microregion, and its importance is multifaceted. It concerns the possibility of getting to know the relations (e. g. chronological, functional, etc.) of the settlement and its surroundings, which is not so common in the archeology of the Early Iron Age in this part of Europe. In a broader territorial perspective, the Chotyniec agglomeration forces corrections to the existing, well-established findings on the relationship of the Scythian world with other cultures — e. g. the Lusatian cultural circle or a group of groups and cultures in Volhynia.

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The first finding of a Greek amphora in Poland

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Koniec „łużyckiego świata”

Koniec „łużyckiego świata”

Absolute Chronology of the Rampart of the Early Iron Age Hillfort in Chotyniec Near Radymno (Southeastern Poland) in the Context of Radiocarbon Dating

The Fortified Settlement in Chotyniec in Previous Studies

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