1996
DOI: 10.1080/02533959608458610
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The firm ‐ organised crime comes of age during the transition to democracy

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Cited by 4 publications
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“…Second, the emergence of the formation known as For It Requires Money (FIRM), a drug syndicate supplying drugs to all gangs on the Cape Flats, facilitated the social organization of the bigger gangs on the Cape Flats (Schärf and Vale, 1996; Standing, 2006). The emergence of the FIRM was to bring a new dimension to the social organization of the gangs.…”
Section: Gangs Gang Violence and Social Dynamics In The Western Capementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Second, the emergence of the formation known as For It Requires Money (FIRM), a drug syndicate supplying drugs to all gangs on the Cape Flats, facilitated the social organization of the bigger gangs on the Cape Flats (Schärf and Vale, 1996; Standing, 2006). The emergence of the FIRM was to bring a new dimension to the social organization of the gangs.…”
Section: Gangs Gang Violence and Social Dynamics In The Western Capementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The historical context of the genesis of gangs on the Cape Flats had originally seen explanations from scholars locate the Western Cape gang problem exclusively in coloured communities. This argument by researchers such as Pinnock (1984), Schärf and Vale (1996) and later Kinnes (2000) suggested that the forced removals of coloured and black people from the inner city by apartheid planners led to the formation of some of the biggest gangs on the Cape Flats.…”
Section: A Comparative Analysis Of the Gang Phenomenon In The Selectementioning
confidence: 99%