The fine structure of the parasitic dinoflagellateHaplozoon axiothellae

Siebert, A.E.; West, John A.

doi:10.1007/bf02055771

Cited by 27 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The rod-shaped bodies, prevalent in the peduncle, have been reported in the parasitic dinoflagellate Haplozoon axiothellae (Siebert & West, 1974) near the stylets and theca, in addition to being congregated near breaks in the theca. The peduncle of Gyrodinium lebouriae may have a function of attaching the dinoflagellate to a substrate by the exterior part of the peduncle similar to the pseudopodial attachment devices of some ectoparasitic Dinophyceae , 1971aCachon, Cachon & Bouquaheux, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of the colourless heterotrophic dinoflagellateGyrodinium lebouriaeHerdman

Lee

1977

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Plates I-IV, Figs. 1-3)Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of Gyrodinium lebouriae Herdman were examined in the light and electron microscope. The longitudinal flagellum has short hairs (0-4-0-5 fim long). The transverse flagellum has an axoneme and a striated strand internally, and attached to the outside of this flagellum are long hairs (2-5-3 /«ni long), short hairs (0-5 lira, long) and curved spikes (0-25 /an long) in a single helical row. A column of cytoplasm, the peduncle, arises beneath the anterior end of the epicone and passes beneath the amphisema to the flagellar area where it emerges and continues outside the cell for 3-4 /tm. The peduncle contains microtubules and rod-shaped bodies. Vesicles containing crystalline rods are in the cytoplasm but plastids and pusules are absent. Endosymbiotic bacteria, with complete walls not contained in food vesicles, are common in the cytoplasm of the saprophytic isolates, but absent in the cytoplasm of the phagocytic isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of the colourless heterotrophic dinoflagellateGyrodinium lebouriaeHerdman

Lee

1977

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…trophonts have shown that there are thecal plates in the thecal vesicles (= periplast alveoli or amphiesmal vesicles) (Cachon & Cachon 1971b, Lom & Lawler 1973, which would indicate that plates should be detectable in the dinospore stage. Gonocytes of the endoparasite Haplozoon axiothellae, found in the polychaete Axiothella rubrocincta, also contain thin plates in thecal vesicles (Siebert & West 1974). TEM micrographs of the parasitic phagotroph Paulsenella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electron microscope study of dinospores of Amyloodinium of. ocellatum, a pathogenic dinoflagellate parasite of marine fish, and comments on its relationship to the Peridiniales

Landsberg¹,

Steidinger²,

Blakesley³

et al. 1994

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Trophonts of a parasitic dlnoflagellate were obtalned from the gills of feral and cultured red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and aquarium-housed sebae clownflsh Amphiprion clarku, Imperator Pomacanthus imperator, mandann goby Pterosynchiropus splend~dus and flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. After incubation of tomonts, dinospores were studied by scanning electron microscopy.Dinospores have a plate pattern and tabulation of PO, cp, X. 4 ' , l a , 7 " , 6 to 8?c, ?S, S"', 2"", which are similar to that of the free-living Peridiniales. The parasite is tentatively identified as Amyloodinium cf. ocellatum. Most descriptions of parasitic dinoflagellates rely only on the morphology of the trophont. However, despite the fact that some past studies have questioned the validity of using dinospores in making taxonolnic classifications because of their plastic and unstable morphological characteristics, dlnospore characterization is critical Traditionally, dinospores of parasitic dinoflagellates have been described as unarmored (naked) and have been considered to have gymnodinioid, gyrodinioid or cochlodinioid forms. Ultrastructural f~xation techniques used for A. cf. ocellatum revealed the presence of thin plates arranged in Kofoldlan series. Such plates could be more prevalent in other dlnoflagellate species than has been previously ~ndicated, and existing taxonom~c-classification schemes may need to be emended. Dinospores of other parasitic dinoflagellates should be reevaluated for the presence of similar diagnostic characteristics.

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“…The study by Leander et al ( 2002 ) revealed that the body of the haplozoan is not truly multicellular or colonial, but is enveloped by a single, continuous membrane and compartmentalized by internal sheets of alveoli. Early ultrastructural study revealed that H. axiothellae possesses a typical dinokaryon (Siebert and West 1974 ). The studies by Leander et al ( 2002 ) and Rueckert and Leander ( 2008 ) characterized features of surface morphology of the haplozoans in detail.…”

Section: Parasitic Dinofl Agellates Belonging To the "Core" Dinofl Agmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diversity and Phylogeny of Marine Parasitic Dinoflagellates

Horiguchi

2015

Marine Protists

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The dinofl agellates are an assemblage of autotrophic, myxotrophic and heterotrophic species and play important roles in marine ecosystems. Most of them are free-living, but several are known as symbionts of marine invertebrates or as parasites of aquatic animals and protists. Molecular phylogenetic studies on parasitic dinofl agellates reveal that the parasitism has evolved polyphyletically appearing several times independently within the division Dinophyta. The Dinophyta consists of "core" dinofl agellates (typical dinofl agellates) and "basal" dinofl agellates. Within the basal dinofl agellates, the parasitic clades of Perkinsea, Ellobiophyceae and Syndiniophyceae are recognized. A large portion of environmental clone sequences recovered from various parts of the oceanic environments are thought to be members of the parasitic order Syndiniales (Syndiniophyceae). Therefore, the ecological function of parasitic dinofl agellates in the ocean is now better understood. The members of parasitic genera such as Parvilucifera (Perkinsea) and Amoebophrya (Syndiniophyceae) infect other dinofl agellates; therefore, much attention has been paid, because of their possible ability to control harmful algal blooms (HABs). The parasitism has also evolved within the "core" dinofl agellates (Dinophyceae) a number of times. These include Blastodinium , Chytriodinium , Dissodinium , Haplozoon , Oodinium , Paulsenella and Tintinnophagus. Because there are already several reviews on diversity of parasitic dinofl agellates, in this volume, only recent developments in phylogenetic studies on parasitic marine dinofl agellates are mainly reviewed here.

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The fine structure of the parasitic dinoflagellateHaplozoon axiothellae

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of the colourless heterotrophic dinoflagellateGyrodinium lebouriaeHerdman

Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of the colourless heterotrophic dinoflagellateGyrodinium lebouriaeHerdman

Scanning electron microscope study of dinospores of Amyloodinium of. ocellatum, a pathogenic dinoflagellate parasite of marine fish, and comments on its relationship to the Peridiniales

Diversity and Phylogeny of Marine Parasitic Dinoflagellates

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