The Filum Terminale

Saker, Erfanul; Wilson, Charlotte; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10994-3_5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Filum terminale (FT) is a fibrovascular band that descends from the apex of conus medullaris to the coccyx (Tarlov, ; Saker et al, ). Luschka was the first who described two segments of FT (Rauber, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal dural sac termination and internal filum terminale fusion

Pokanan

Borsu²,

Hansasuta

2019

Clinical Anatomy

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Surgery for tethered spinal cord caused by thickened filum terminale (FT) is frequently performed through S1 laminectomy based on the assumption that the internal FT (FTi) fuses with dura mater at S2 vertebral level. Literature on specific study for the site of its fusion and dural sac (DS) termination was rather limited. Moreover, there is no large anatomical study in Asian population. To determine the anatomy, examination of the FTi fusion site, as well as the region at which DS ended, was undertaken. From 80 embalmed cadavers, the majority of FTi fusion occurred at, or below, S1/S2 disk space (62.5%) which was less frequent than previous reports (70%-90%). In addition, there was 11.3% of the fila that fused above S1. Regarding the DS termination, it was found at, or below, S1/S2 disk space in 76.3% with one subject (1.3%) at L5/S1 disk space. With modest differences compared with non-Asian cadaveric data, our results offer pertinent information to surgeons performing tethered cord release. One ought to keep in mind that small, but not negligible, percentage of FTi can fuse with dura mater above S1 level; hence, more rostral laminectomy at L5 may be required. Clin. Anat. 33:558-561, 2020.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal dural sac termination and internal filum terminale fusion

Pokanan

Borsu²,

Hansasuta

2019

Clinical Anatomy

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“…At this point, we should also highlight another region containing abundant wasteosomes that has often been overlooked in the literature: the filum terminale ( 116 , 117 ). The filum terminale, consisting of glial and ependymal cells, extends from the apex of the conus medullaris to the sacrum, where it blends into the connective tissue covering this bone ( 117 ). The filum terminale has two sections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wasteosomes ( corpora amylacea ) as a hallmark of chronic glymphatic insufficiency

Riba

Valle

Molina‐Porcel

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In different organs and tissues, the lymphatic system serves as a drainage system for interstitial fluid and is useful for removing substances that would otherwise accumulate in the interstitium. In the brain, which lacks lymphatic circulation, the drainage and cleaning function is performed by the glymphatic system, called so for its dependence on glial cells and its similar function to that of the lymphatic system. In the present article, we define glymphatic insufficiency as the inability of the glymphatic system to properly perform the brain cleaning function. Furthermore, we propose that corpora amylacea or wasteosomes, which are protective structures that act as waste containers and accumulate waste products, are, in fact, a manifestation of chronic glymphatic insufficiency. Assuming this premise, we provide an explanation that coherently links the formation, distribution, structure, and function of these bodies in the human brain. Moreover, we open up new perspectives in the study of the glymphatic system since wasteosomes can provide information about which variables have the greatest impact on the glymphatic system and which diseases occur with chronic glymphatic insufficiency. For example, based on the presence of wasteosomes, it seems that aging, sleep disorders, and cerebrovascular pathologies have the highest impact on the glymphatic system, whereas neurodegenerative diseases have a more limited impact. Furthermore, as glymphatic insufficiency is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, information provided by wasteosomes could help to define the strategies and actions that can prevent glymphatic disruptions, thus limiting the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.

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MRI characteristics of the fetal tethered spinal cord: a comparative study

Sun

Ning

et al. 2020

International Journal of Neuroscience

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The Filum Terminale

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Spinal dural sac termination and internal filum terminale fusion

Spinal dural sac termination and internal filum terminale fusion

Wasteosomes ( corpora amylacea ) as a hallmark of chronic glymphatic insufficiency

MRI characteristics of the fetal tethered spinal cord: a comparative study

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