The ferritic stainless family: the appropriate answer to nickel volatility?

Charles, J.; Mithieux, Jean‐Denis; Santacreu, Pierre-Olivier; Peguet, Lionel

doi:10.1051/metal/2009024

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Despite their lower mechanical properties at medium and high temperature, the feritic grades exhibit a better resistance to the oxidation and thermal fatigue compared to the austenitic grades [1,2,3]. According to high temperature application, the mechanical property was widely accepted to be improved by addition Nb and Mo during synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and oxidation behavior of high strength steel AISI 410 implanted with nitrogen ion

Bandriyana¹,

Ismoyo²,

Sujitno

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Surface treatment by implantation with nitrogen-ion was performed on the commercial feritic high strength steel AISI 410 which is termed for high temperature applications. The aim of this research was focused on the surface modification to improve its high temperature oxidation property in the early stages. Ion implantation was carried out at acceleration energy of 100 KeV and ion current 10 mA for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The samples were subjected to the high temperature oxidation test by means of thermogravimetry in a magnetic suspension balance (MSB) at 500 o C for 5 hours. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) and Vickers Hardness measurement were used for sample characterization. The formation of ferro-nitride phase after implantation did not occur, however a thin layer considered to contain nitrogen interstitials was detected. The oxidation of both samples before and after implantation followed parabolic kinetics indicating inward growth of oxide scale characteristically due to diffusion of oxygen anions towards matrix surface. After oxidation test relativelly stable oxide scales were observed. Oxidation rates decreased proportionally with the increasing of implantation time due to the formation of oxide layer which is considered to be effectiv inhibitor for the oxygen diffusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and oxidation behavior of high strength steel AISI 410 implanted with nitrogen ion

Bandriyana¹,

Ismoyo²,

Sujitno

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…C121 core (highest copper) strength is entirely controlled by copper (negatively correlated with ultimate tensile strength). Ultimate tensile strength in C21 core is positively correlated with chromium (within 8.3-8.8% cluster range) and has an intriguing, extra-low interstitial nickel (used for grain size control) [11] feature. Interestingly, chromium concentration and ultimate tensile strength tend to correlate increasingly negatively in clusters with much higher (10.5 to 12.9%) chromium concentration at which chromite-like passivation can occur [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials data analytics for 9% Cr family steel

Romanov

Krishnamurthy

Verma

et al. 2019

Statistical Analysis

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A materials data analytics (MDA) methodology was developed in this study to evaluate publicly available information on 9% Cr family steel and to handle nonlinear relationships and the sparsity in materials data for this alloy class. The overarching goal is to accelerate the design process as well as to reduce the time and expense associated with qualification testing of new alloys for fossil energy applications. Data entries in the analyzed data set for 82 iron‐base alloy compositions, several processing parameters, and results of tensile mechanical tests selected for this study were arranged in 34 columns by 915 rows. While detailed microstructural information was not available, it is assumed that the compositional space for the 9 to 12% Cr steels is limited such that all data entries have a tempered martensitic microstructure during service. Establishing a hierarchy of first‐order trends in the publicly available data requires the MDA to filter out the biases. Complexity of the phase transformations and microstructure evolution in the multicomponent alloys (using 21 chemical elements) with major influence on mechanical properties, leads to inefficiency in direct application of unbiased linear regression across the entire data space. To address the nonlinearity, analyses of tensile data were performed in composition‐based clusters. Clusters corresponding to moderately frequent patterns and maximized information gain were further refined by using p‐norm distance measures, matching the alloy classification groups adopted by industry. The evolutionary method of propagating an ensemble of competing cluster‐based models proved to be a viable option in dealing with scarce, multidimensional data.

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“…Ferritic grades, containing chromium and possibly other stabilizing elements (Ti, Mo, Nb, etc. ) are well known as cost-saving materials as they do not have the expensive nickel additions (Charles et al, 2008), while at the same time presenting good mechanical properties similar to those offered by austenitic steel grades. Moreover, some standard ferritic grades such as 409, 410, and 430 are readily available all over the world, and are already very successfully used for various applications, such as washingmachine drums and exhaust systems in the automotive industry, and actually have a much broader application potential in many fields (Charles et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) are well known as cost-saving materials as they do not have the expensive nickel additions (Charles et al, 2008), while at the same time presenting good mechanical properties similar to those offered by austenitic steel grades. Moreover, some standard ferritic grades such as 409, 410, and 430 are readily available all over the world, and are already very successfully used for various applications, such as washingmachine drums and exhaust systems in the automotive industry, and actually have a much broader application potential in many fields (Charles et al, 2008). Since new designs in the automotive industry are driven by safety and environmental concerns, the need to reduce the weight of the exhaust systems while maintaining good resistance to thermal fatigue is continuing to see the exploitation of the ferritic stainless steel family for alternative solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%