The female register: an empirical study of Lakoff's hypotheses

Crosby, Faye J.; Nyquist, Linda

doi:10.1017/s0047404500005030

Cited by 152 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Women's language, compared to men's, is characterized by unassertiveness and indirectness, including the frequent use of modifiers or hedges. This viewpoint was supported by several subsequent studies which revealed that women applied more hedges to express imprecision or tentativeness than men (Crosby and Nyquist 1977;Preisler 1986). However, some other studies reported no significant difference or even contradictory results between men and women in their use of hedges (Miettinen and Watson 2013).…”

Section: Gender and Hedgingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Gender difference of hedging in interpreting for chinese government press conferences: A corpus-based study

Pan

Zheng

2017

Across Languages and Cultures

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This paper aims to examine gender differences in hedging in Chinese–English conference interpreting based on a transcribed parallel corpus. The point of departure was to test Holmes’s (1986, 1988a) claims that women do not necessarily employ more hedges than men but that women’s use of hedges tends to focus more on interpersonal relationships while men’s is more on propositional precision. Hyland’s (1996a, 1996b) model in which hedges were categorized into accuracy-oriented, speaker-oriented and audience-oriented, has been adapted for this end. Our finding shows that male interpreters actually employ more hedges than their female counterparts on the whole. In particular, their accuracy-oriented and speaker-oriented hedges exceed those of female interpreters, but not for audience-oriented ones. To find out whether these differences were caused by the source texts per se or by interpreters’ manipulation, we named four types of interpreting approach towards hedge items: direct transfer, indirect transfer, shift and addition. The former two types were identified as source text interference while the latter two as interpreters’ manipulation. The results indicate that male interpreters exceed female interpreters in terms of shift and addition cases in all three types of hedges. The findings of the present study contribute to a more profound understanding of gender difference in language mediation and also have implications for future interpreter training.

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Section: Gender and Hedgingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Gender difference of hedging in interpreting for chinese government press conferences: A corpus-based study

Pan

Zheng

2017

Across Languages and Cultures

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“…On the other hand, Stapleton (2003), Baroni and D'Urso (1984), Romanie (1984), Spender (1980), Crosby and Nyquist (1977), Lakoff (1973), Trudgill (1972), and Milward (1937) have also claimed that men use swearing words noticeably more than women; in other words, women concerns more about politeness than men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Identity and Use of Taboo Words in Angry Mood: A Gender Study

Hashamdar¹,

Rafi²

2018

TPLS

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Abstract-The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between social identity and the taboo words men and women use in order to express their anger. Moreover, this study went further and investigated the relationship between using taboo words in male and female participants who had a university degree and those who did not. In order to do the research, 20 female and 20 male adults, whose professions were similar in pairs, were randomly selected. The researcher recorded their voices when they were in an angry mood. After recording data, the researcher made a transcription of the first fifty words uttered by each participant. Then, the taboo words-words which were considered offensive or shocking and that were discouraged in public places -were calculated. Finally, the percentage of taboo words used by each participant was calculated and compared to that of the others. The findings of the study confirmed that the percentage of using taboo language by male characters, in different social identities, was much more than that of female characters. On the other hand, by dividing the participants into two groups of those who had a university degree, and those with no university degree, the researcher came to the conclusion that both male and female participants with a university degree used less taboo words than those without a university degree.

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“…Gerritsen 1980), situation and status (e.g. Dubois andCrouch 1975, Crosby andNyquist 1977) or (sex of) addressee (e.g. De Haan 1979, Brouwer 1982) rather than to sex of speaker.…”

Section: Language Sex and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%