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Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the adult kidney. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify key genes signatures during RCC and uncover their potential mechanisms. Method: Firstly, the gene expression profiles of GSE53757 which contained 144 samples, including 72 kidney cancer samples and 72 controls, was downloaded from GEO database. And then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the kidney cancer samples and the controls were identified. After that, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by DAVID. Furthermore, correlation-based feature subset (CFS) method was applied to the selection of key genes of DEGs. In addition, the classification model between the kidney cancer samples and the controls was built by Adaboost based on selected of key genes. Results: 213 DEGs including 80 up-regulated and 133 down-regulated genes were selected as the feature genes to build the classification model between the kidney cancer samples and the controls by CFS method. And accuracy of the classification model by using 5-folds cross-validation test and independent set test is 84.4% and 83.3%, respectively. Besides, TYROBP, CD4163, CAV1, CXCL9, CXCL11 and CXCL13 also can be found in the top 20 hub genes screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Conclusion: It indicated that CFS is a useful tool to identify key genes in kidney cancer. Besides, we also predicted genes such as TYROBP , CD4163, CAV1, CXCL9, CXCL11 and CXCL13 might be target genes for diagnosing the kidney cancer.

This paper aims to examine gender differences in hedging in Chinese–English conference interpreting based on a transcribed parallel corpus. The point of departure was to test Holmes’s (1986, 1988a) claims that women do not necessarily employ more hedges than men but that women’s use of hedges tends to focus more on interpersonal relationships while men’s is more on propositional precision. Hyland’s (1996a, 1996b) model in which hedges were categorized into accuracy-oriented, speaker-oriented and audience-oriented, has been adapted for this end. Our finding shows that male interpreters actually employ more hedges than their female counterparts on the whole. In particular, their accuracy-oriented and speaker-oriented hedges exceed those of female interpreters, but not for audience-oriented ones. To find out whether these differences were caused by the source texts per se or by interpreters’ manipulation, we named four types of interpreting approach towards hedge items: direct transfer, indirect transfer, shift and addition. The former two types were identified as source text interference while the latter two as interpreters’ manipulation. The results indicate that male interpreters exceed female interpreters in terms of shift and addition cases in all three types of hedges. The findings of the present study contribute to a more profound understanding of gender difference in language mediation and also have implications for future interpreter training.

To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a seromarker for current infection of hepatitis B virus, in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from south China and to evaluate its association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. The prevalence of HBsAg was retrospectively investigated in 439 patients with AS, 606 age- and sex-matched general individuals, 172 patients with other spondyloarthropathy (SpA), 698 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 220 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The positive rate of HBsAg in AS group was compared with those of the general population group and other disease groups, respectively, and the prevalence of HBsAg was compared between HLA-B27-positive and HLA-B27-negative patients with AS. The positive rate of HBsAg in AS patients, general population, other-SpA, RA, and OA patients were 25.39, 12.87, 14.53, 9.60, and 8.18%, respectively. The HBsAg prevalence of AS group was statistically higher than those of any other groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg in HLA-B27-positive and HLA-B27-negative AS patients were 26.68 and 14.49%, respectively, the positive rate of HBsAg in HLA-B27-positive AS patients was statistically higher than that of HLA-B27-negative AS patients (P < 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg in AS patients was higher than those in general population, patients with other-SpA, RA, and OA. The high HBsAg prevalence in AS patients might be associated with their high frequency of HLA-B27 gene.

Impolite/over-polite utterances entailed extra cognitive effort by interpreters. 2.Coping strategies beyond literal interpreting were adopted by interpreters.3. Professionals used more syntactic coping strategies and omission than students. 4.Politeness is redefined from interlingual and cross-cultural perspectives. 5.The concept of "pragmatic competence" is introduced into interpreting studies.