The Feasibility of Storage of Intact Platelets with Apparent Preservation of Function

Weiss, Arthur J.; Ballinger, Walter F.

doi:10.1097/00000658-195809000-00005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The concentrations of glycerol used in platelet (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), red blood cell (2-7), and bone marrow (8) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It survives the trauma of contact with foreign surfaces, anticoagulation (9), centrifugation, acidification (10), cooling (40 C), supercooling (-3 C) (11), and warming (40 to 370 C). Despite bizarre morphology and ample evidence of chemical alteration with storage (12), the red blood cell survives the lesion incurred in leaving the body by its remarkable capacity to be reconstituted on renewal of contact with the blood stream (13,14).Platelet preservation by glycerol freezing (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), however, has lagged behind that of the red blood cell for several reasons. Platelets are not handled in vitro with the same facility as red blood cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Platelet preservation by glycerol freezing (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), however, has lagged behind that of the red blood cell for several reasons. Platelets are not handled in vitro with the same facility as red blood cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Platelet Preservation. Ii. Preservation of Canine Platelet Concentrates by Freezing in Solutions of Glycerol Plasma*

Cohen¹,

Gardner²

1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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The successful long-term preservation of bull semen by freezing in glycerol solutions provided the impetus for application of this technique to other cells and tissues (1). Among the hematopoietic elements, the red blood cells (2-7) and the bone marrow (8) have been preserved by this method. In the case of bone marrow, evidence that a high percentage of viable cells emerges from glycerol freezing is lacking, since there is no adequate quantitation of a transfused bone marrow dose-response curve. A few viable primordial elements of the marrow (reticulum cells, hemocytoblasts) may be adequate to provide a "take." By analogy only a small percentage of viable bull sperm may be required to cause conception. Only in the case of red blood cells is there evidence in man and laboratory animals that a high percentage of cells (90 per cent) survives glycerol freezing and is capable of living a normal life span after transfusion into a compatible recipient (7).The red blood cell in several respects lends itself readily to in vitro manipulation. It survives the trauma of contact with foreign surfaces, anticoagulation (9), centrifugation, acidification (10), cooling (40 C), supercooling (-3 C) (11), and warming (40 to 370 C). Despite bizarre morphology and ample evidence of chemical alteration with storage (12), the red blood cell survives the lesion incurred in leaving the body by its remarkable capacity to be reconstituted on renewal of contact with the blood stream (13,14).Platelet preservation by glycerol freezing (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), however, has lagged behind that of the red blood cell for several reasons. Platelets are not handled in vitro with the same facility as red blood cells. The very nature and function of the platelet renders it susceptible to irreversible damage *This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General (DA-49-007-MD-701). from the moment it leaves its intravascular milieu (21-23). This irreversible damage may shorten the platelet life span without altering its morphological appearance or clot-retraction function (18,(24)(25)(26). Any worthwhile preservation procedure, therefore, must retain in the preserved platelets the capacity to survive normally in vivo (16-19, 25, 26) as well as the capacity to perform clot-retraction and thromboplastic functions in vitro (27,28).The canine was selected as the animal model for development of platelet preservation techniques. This animal offers several advantages over smaller animals. Volumes of blood nearly comparable (350 to 400 ml) with those obtained in standard phlebotomies in humans (450 to 500 ml) are obtained with ease, thus permitting experience in handling platelets comparable in volume with that anticipated in man. The dog is relatively longlived compared with smaller laboratory animals, permitting observations in the same animal over many years. This has permitted a linear experience with various methods for platelet preservation using the same animal over and over again...

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“…The concentrations of glycerol used in platelet (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), red blood cell (2-7), and bone marrow (8) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platelet Preservation. Ii. Preservation of Canine Platelet Concentrates by Freezing in Solutions of Glycerol Plasma*

Cohen¹,

Gardner²

1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Results with lyophilized platelets have been generally unsatisfactory. 6.7 Freezing of intact platelets in glycerol has provided encouraging evidence that viability, as measured in vitro by clot retracting activity, and in uiuo by survival of radioisotope labelled elements, can be maintained when the platelets are suspended in a suitable medium.3~ 5.69 12 The results with glycerol-freezing technics are better than those obtained when platelets are stored at 4 C. in various media,l* 2 but the rate of loss of function is still greater than is desirable,1.3 and the effective range of glycerol concentration, 8 to 10 per cent, is narrow.3 It is apparently important that a reserve supply of adenosine triphosphate be available in the preservation medium. 2.6 Dimethylsulfoxide (DMS) is gradually replacing glycerol as the preservative of choice in freezing experiments with bone marrow.…”

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Preservation of the Clot‐Retracting Activity of Platelets by Freezing in Dimethylsulfoxide and Plasma

et al. 1963

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The clot retracting activity (CRA) of frozen platelets was studied as the in vitro test best representing the functional "integrity" of platelets. Dimethylsulfoxide as an additive in the preservation by freezing of platelets acts most effectively in the presence of plasma. Freezing of the platelets in a suspending medium consisting of 50 per cent plasma in saline with 15 per cent DMS, resulted in a 10 to 15 per cent loss over the fresh control CRA values. Freezing rates ranging from 3 C. to 30 C. per minute can be used without modifying the final result. Storage in liquid nitrogen for 38 days resulted in a 34 per cent CRA reduction over the frozen but not stored platelets. These results seem to justify trials of the in ~i v o survival of platelets preserved by these methods.

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In Vivo and In Vitro Survival of Glycerolized Frozen Platelets

Ballinger¹

1962

JAMA

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The Feasibility of Storage of Intact Platelets with Apparent Preservation of Function

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Platelet Preservation. Ii. Preservation of Canine Platelet Concentrates by Freezing in Solutions of Glycerol Plasma*

Platelet Preservation. Ii. Preservation of Canine Platelet Concentrates by Freezing in Solutions of Glycerol Plasma*

Preservation of the Clot‐Retracting Activity of Platelets by Freezing in Dimethylsulfoxide and Plasma

In Vivo and In Vitro Survival of Glycerolized Frozen Platelets

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