The Fate of the Forest

Hecht, Susanna B.; Cockburn, Alexander

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226322735.001.0001

Cited by 120 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In many regions the move towards more participatory approaches results from the political pressure exerted by grassroots organizations defending local community resources and territories from outside commercial interests. In the Amazon basin, for example, the Rubber Tappers' Movement was a response to the expansion of commercial logging and ranching into traditional rubber tapping regions and the resulting expulsion of rubber tapper families (Hecht and Cockburn 1989). This movement with support from international donors and environmental organizations helped spark a fundamental shift in government management policy with local people's gaining an increasingly important role in defining and implementing environmental policies at the local level (Hall 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Constructing a policy and institutional framework for an ecosystem-based approach to managing the Lower Amazon floodplain

McGrath

Cardoso

Almeida

et al. 2008

Environ Dev Sustain

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A regional experiment in co-management is underway in the Lower Amazon that is developing the basic policy and institutional elements for an ecosystem-based approach to floodplain management. This initiative grew out of the grassroots movement of floodplain communities who, concerned with excessive commercial fishing pressure on local fisheries, took control of local lakes and implemented collective agreements regulating fishing activity. This paper describes the main elements of the evolving regional management system. This process has focused on four main dimensions of floodplain settlement and resource use: development of sustainable management systems for floodplain resources, policies and institutions for fisheries co-management, collective agreements for grazing cattle on floodplain grasslands, and a land tenure policy consistent with the objectives of the evolving co-management system. Over the last year INCRA, the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform, has begun implementation of a comprehensive new land tenure policy that could resolve structural deficiencies in the existing co-management system and provide the basis for the ecosystem-based management of the Lower Amazon floodplain.Keywords Amazon Á Co-management Á Ecosystem management Á Fisheries Á Floodplain Á Varzea Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Constructing a policy and institutional framework for an ecosystem-based approach to managing the Lower Amazon floodplain

McGrath

Cardoso

Almeida

et al. 2008

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…Such work reveals clearly that forests are not only impacted and transformed through use, but also that their composition is a reflection of underlying social and economic processes. At the same time, researchers have been studying social inequality among tropical forest groups, particularly those threatened by deforestation, displacement, and dispossession (Schmink andWood 1992, Hecht andCockburn 2010). A growing body of work points to significant income and asset inequality within the peasantry that has important implications for understanding rural poverty dynamics as well as forest use and landscapes (Reddy and Chakravarty 1999, McSweeney 2004, Adams et al 2013, Ribeiro Palacios et al 2013, Angelsen et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

Coomes¹,

Takasaki²,

Rhemtulla³

2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Can social inequality be seen imprinted in a forest landscape? We studied the relationship between land holding, land use, and inequality in a peasant community in the Peruvian Amazon where farmers practice swidden-fallow cultivation. Longitudinal data on land holding, land use, and land cover were gathered through field-level surveys (n = 316) and household interviews (n = 51) in 1994/1995 and 2007. Forest cover change between 1965 and 2007 was documented through interpretation of air photos and satellite imagery. We introduce the concept of "land use inequality" to capture differences across households in the distribution of forest fallowing and orchard raising as key land uses that affect household welfare and the sustainability of swidden-fallow agriculture. We find that land holding, land use, and forest cover distribution are correlated and that the forest today reflects social inequality a decade prior. Although initially land-poor households may catch up in terms of land holdings, their use and land cover remain impoverished. Differential land use investment through time links social inequality and forest cover. Implications are discussed for the study of forests as landscapes of inequality, the relationship between social inequality and forest composition, and the forest-poverty nexus.

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“…Esses trechos de florestas tropicais não podem ser considerados, portanto, "virgens". Hecht & Cockburn (1989) e Denevan (1992a;1992b;2011), entre outros, argumentam, com base em cuidadosas pesquisas de campo, que as florestas perto de aldeias e rios navegáveis resultam tanto de processos ecológicos "naturais", livres de interferências humanas intencionais, quanto da introdução deliberada de algumas espécies vegetais úteis e a eventual construção de terraços que permitiam cultivos permanentes em áreas de várzeas.…”

Section: As Florestas Amazônicas Foram Em Parte Modificadas Pela Açãounclassified

“…Esse movimento abriu uma nova frente de críticas contra práticas e políti-cas (expansão de pastagens, incentivos à migração, desmatamento, mineração, construção de estradas e hidrelétricas, etc.) consideradas ameaçadoras à integridade das florestas tropicais úmidas de todo o mundo, e do Brasil em particular, e a favor de atividades que levem em consideração a integridade das florestas da região (Moran, 1981;Myers, 1983;Foresta, 1991;Schmink & Wood, 1984;1992;Hecht, 1989;Uhl & Vieira, 1989;Posey & Balee, 1989;Anderson, 1990;Anderson et al, 1994;Kitamura, 1994;Uhl et al, 1997;Drummond, 2000;Veríssimo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

A extração da flora e fauna nativas na Amazônia brasileira – uma segunda apreciação

Drummond

Souza

2016

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

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Artigo recebido em 21 de agosto de 2015, versão final aceita em 25 de março de 2016. RESUMO:Conceitua o extrativismo de baixa tecnologia, praticado em muitas partes da Amazônia brasileira. Examina 16 tópicos analíticos e conceituais recorrentes nas discussões acadêmicas e políticas sobre esse tipo de extrativismo. Avalia políticas públicas, iniciativas comunitárias, parcerias e outras formas de apoio recebidas pelos extratores. Destaca dentro de cada tópico as perspectivas de prosperidade, colapso, estagnação ou existência continuada desse modo de produzir e das populações que o praticam e dependem dele.Palavras-chave: extrativismo; Amazônia; desenvolvimento local; reservas extrativistas; recursos da fauna; recursos da flora.ABSTRACT: Defines low technology extraction, practiced in many parts of the Brazilian Amazon region. Examines 16 recurrent analytical and conceptual topics present in academic and political discussions about that type of extraction. Evaluates several public policies, community initiatives, partnerships and other forms of support given to extractors. Points out in each topic the perspectives of prosperity, collapse, stagnation or continued existence of low technology extraction and of the people who practice and depend on it.

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The Fate of the Forest

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

Constructing a policy and institutional framework for an ecosystem-based approach to managing the Lower Amazon floodplain

Constructing a policy and institutional framework for an ecosystem-based approach to managing the Lower Amazon floodplain

Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting cultivators

A extração da flora e fauna nativas na Amazônia brasileira – uma segunda apreciação

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