The Fate of Ingested Glyceran Esters of Condensed Castor Oil Fatty Acids [Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (PGPR)] in the Rat

Howes, D.; Wilson, Robert H.; James, C.T.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(98)00055-6

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Analogous results were presented by Howes et al. () in studies with male Wistar rats. A mixture of 14 C‐labelled polyglycerol was fractionated on Sephadex G10 to obtain four overall fractions rich in polyglycerols: fraction 1, lower chain length up to fraction 4, higher chain length.…”

Section: Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Re‐evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, E 476) used as a food additive. In 1978, the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for PGPR. PGPR is hydrolysed in the gut resulting in the liberation of free polyglycerols, polyricinoleic acid and ricinoleic acid. Di-and triglycerol are absorbed and excreted unchanged in the urine; long-chain polyglycerols show lower absorption and are mainly excreted unchanged in faeces. Acute oral toxicity of PGPR is low, and short-term and subchronic studies indicate PGPR is tolerated at high doses without adverse effects. PGPR (E 476) is not of concern with regard to genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. The single reproductive toxicity study with PGPR was limited and was not an appropriate study for deriving a health-based guidance value. Human studies with PGPR demonstrated that there is no indication of significant adverse effect. The Panel considered a 2-year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study for determining a reference point and derived a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PGPR (E 476) of 2,500 mg/kg bw per day, the only dose tested. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the present data set give reason to revise the ADI of 7.5 mg/kg bw per day allocated by SCF to 25 mg/kg bw per day. Exposure estimates did not exceed the ADI of 25 mg/kg bw per day and a proposed extension of use would not result in an exposure exceeding this ADI. The Panel recommended modification of the EU specifications for PGPR (E 476).

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Section: Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Re‐evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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“…The digestibility of PGPR is 98% and it does not interfere with the normal metabolism of lipids [4]. Studies made on rats did not evidence adverse effects on growth and reproduction [5] neither carcinogenic danger [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of calcium salts and surfactant concentration on the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions prepared with polyglycerol polyricinoleate

Márquez¹,

Medrano-Fernández

Panizzolo

et al. 2010

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

198

120

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“…Most researchers affirm that reduced pressure facilitates the extent of the reaction: 300-400 mmHg [58], 45 mmHg [57], or 20 mmHg [49]. Either carbon dioxide [40,59] or nitrogen [51,57,58] can be used to ensure an inert atmosphere.…”

Section: Production Methods Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1960s, the programme was extended to include 2 yr rat and 80 wk mouse feeding studies, a 90-day feeding study in a nonrodent (chicken), studies of PGPR-induced liver and kidney enlargement in rats, mice and chickens, metabolism in the rat using radiolabelled materials, and human studies on the digestibility and absorption of PGPR which included liver and kidney function tests. e results of these studies have been published in several papers [40,[48][49][50][51][52]. PGPR was found to be 98% digested by rats and utilized as a source of energy superior to starch and nearly equivalent to groundnut oil.…”

Section: Polyglycerol Polyricinoleatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Food Additive Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (E-476): Structure, Applications, and Production Methods

Bastida

2013

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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e food additive named polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and identi�ed with the code E-476 (PGPR) is used as emulsi�er in tin-greasing emulsions for the baking trade and for the production of low-fat spreads. However, the main application of PGPR is in the chocolate industry, where, besides its action as an emulsi�er, it also has important properties as a viscosity modi�er and thus improves the moulding properties of the molten chocolate. An additional property of PGPR in chocolate is its ability to limit fat bloom. �nown chemical methods for preparing this emulsi�er involve long reaction times and high operating temperatures, which adversely affect the quality of the �nal product leading to problems of coloration and odors that could make it inadvisable for the food industry. As an alternative, the enzymatic synthesis of PGPR by the catalytic action of two lipases has been developed. e enzymes act in mild reaction conditions of temperature and pressure, neutral pH, and in a solvent-free system, which makes the process environmentally friendly and avoids side reaction, so that the product has a higher purity and quality.

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The Fate of Ingested Glyceran Esters of Condensed Castor Oil Fatty Acids [Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (PGPR)] in the Rat

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Re‐evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive

Re‐evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive

Effect of calcium salts and surfactant concentration on the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions prepared with polyglycerol polyricinoleate

The Food Additive Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (E-476): Structure, Applications, and Production Methods

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