The Fate of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, Las Vegas, Nevada

Thomas, James M.; McKay, W.A.; Cole, Erin; Landmeyer, James E.; Bradley, Paul M.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00252.x

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Singer et al (1999) reported HAA removal by GAC filtration and suggested that biological degradation of HAAs had occurred in GAC filters. Thomas et al (2000) evaluated the fate of HAAs during aquifer storage and recovery in southern Nevada. A rapid decline of HAA concentrations during aquifer storage and recovery indicated in situ microbial oxidation of HAAs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of EBCT and Water Temperature on HAA Removal using BAC

Wu¹,

Xie

2005

Journal AWWA

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The effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the removal of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in biologically active carbon (BAC) filters were investigated. Experiments were conducted at four temperatures (4, 10, 20, and 30°C) and four EBCTs (5, 10, 15, and 20 min). The results indicated that increasing EBCT or increasing water temperature increased the HAA removal in BAC columns. To achieve an HAA removal efficiency of 50% or higher in a BAC filter, the authors suggest a 10‐min EBCT for 4°C waters and a 5‐min EBCT for waters at 10°C or higher. The kinetic analysis suggested a first‐order reaction model for HAA (except trichloroacetic acid) removal at 10°C and a zero‐order first‐order reaction model for HAA removal at 4°C. The pseudo‐first‐order reaction rate constants and half‐lives were also calculated for HAA removal at 10°C. The half‐lives—ranging from 5.9 to 17.3 min—could be used to assist water utilities in designing and operating BAC filters for HAA removal.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of EBCT and Water Temperature on HAA Removal using BAC

Wu¹,

Xie

2005

Journal AWWA

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“…Studies conducted on DBP transformation in soil matrix concluded that bioconversion and dilution are the two mechanisms by which HAA5 get transformed or decline in their concentrations during transport in the soil system (Singer et al, 1993;Miller et al, 1993;Bernholtz et al, 1994;Pyne et al, 1996;Thomas et al, 2000;Landmeyer et al, 2000). All these studies except Landmeyer et al, 2000, were conducted to evaluate the fate of disinfection byproducts during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in aquifers of Las Vegas Valley, Nevada.…”

Section: Fate Of Dbps In Laurel Pondmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In recent studies by Thomas et al (2000) and Landmeyer et al (2000), results of both field and laboratory studies using geochemical modeling and monitoring showed that HAA5 reduction is primarily by in situ microbial oxidation, while TTHM reduction is by biodegradation, volatilization, and dilution. In their studies, rapid decline of HAA5 concentrations with little associated change in chlorine concentration indicted that dilution is not the major process for reduction in HAA5 concentration.…”

Section: Fate Of Dbps In Laurel Pondmentioning

confidence: 98%

Disinfection Byproducts Formation in Mammoth Title 22 Recycled Water and their Fate in Landscape Irrigation

Panda¹,

Josse²,

Roohk³

et al. 2009

proc water environ fed

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The Mammoth Community Water District (MCWD) operates a 1.5-mgd tertiary wastewater treatment plant without nitrification and disposes the disinfected plant effluent in a 70-acre percolation pond. They intend to produce Title 22 recycled water to irrigate two golf courses, Sierra Star and Snowcreek, as a partial solution to reducing groundwater demands on the local aquifer. However, there are concerns about protecting the basin groundwater quality from disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and other pollutants present in the recycled water. This study was conducted to (1) examine the existing levels of DBPs in the existing effluent and understand the fate of DBPs in the present effluent disposal in the percolation pond, (2) determine DBPs formation from disinfection of recycle water including total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and haloacetic acids (HAA5), and (3) predict, using a mass balance model, the fate and transport of TTHM and HAA5 to groundwater and the impacts on groundwater quality from using recycled water on the golf courses.In the present treatment plant chlorinated effluent, concentrations of TTHM and HAA5 went from 20 and 58 μg/L, respectively to non-detectable in the groundwater wells around the percolation pond. Available literature suggests that dilution, bioconversion and volatilization are major factors transforming and/or reducing TTHM and HAA5. Bioconversion and dilution were concluded to be the major processes responsible for the reduction of DBPs in the percolation pond system. Drum-sized batch chlorination tests and bench-scale tests performed to predict the concentration of DBPs in the recycled water showed average TTHM and HAA5 concentrations of 3.1 µg/L and 41.7 µg/L, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the DBPS levels found in the present plant effluent. The higher HAA5 concentrations compared to TTHM indicate that chloramines are preferentially formed when chlorinating un-nitrified effluent, but rapid halogenic reactions forming HAA5 are difficult to control and only slightly reduced. All THM compounds that are in chloroform form are likely to be completely volatilized during spray irrigation. The estimated chloroform concentration in air was calculated to be less than the chronic inhalation Reference Exposure Level (REL) of 300 μg/m 3 for chloroform (CalEPA). The mass balance model, along with other study results, led to the conclusion that DBPs released to the golf course with the use of recycled water would be reduced biologically in the vadose zone to non-detectable levels in the groundwater and that recycled water use in the golf courses is not likely to have an adverse effect on basin groundwater resulting from DBP contamination.

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“…Although not addressed in this paper, geochemical processes are important factors in the success of an ASR system. Geochemical studies of ASR systems include investigations of disinfection by‐products produced by reactions between the injected chlorinated water and naturally occurring organic compounds (e.g., Thomas et al 2000; Fram et al 2003). Of primary interest are the mechanism and time period at which these disinfection by‐products degrade in the aquifer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Aquifer Storage Recovery Using Ground Water Flow Models

Lowry¹,

Anderson²

2006

Groundwater

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Owing to increased demands on ground water accompanied by increased drawdowns, technologies that use recharge options, such as aquifer storage recovery (ASR), are being used to optimize available water resources and reduce adverse effects of pumping. In this paper, three representative ground water flow models were created to assess the impact of hydrogeologic and operational parameters/factors on recovery efficiency of ASR systems. Flow/particle tracking and solute transport models were used to track the movement of water during injection, storage, and recovery. Results from particle tracking models consistently produced higher recovery efficiency than the solute transport models for the parameters/properties examined because the particle tracking models neglected mixing of the injected and ambient water. Mixing between injected and ambient water affected recovery efficiency. Results from this study demonstrate the interactions between hydrogeologic and operational parameters on predictions of recovery efficiency. These interactions are best simulated using coupled numerical ground water flow and transport models that include the effects of mixing of injected water and ambient ground water.

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The Fate of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Program, Las Vegas, Nevada

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of EBCT and Water Temperature on HAA Removal using BAC

Effects of EBCT and Water Temperature on HAA Removal using BAC

Disinfection Byproducts Formation in Mammoth Title 22 Recycled Water and their Fate in Landscape Irrigation

An Assessment of Aquifer Storage Recovery Using Ground Water Flow Models

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