The Fate of Acquired Carbon in Plants: Chemical Composition and Construction Costs

Poorter, Hendrik; Villar, Rafael

doi:10.1016/b978-012083490-7/50003-7

Cited by 218 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Lipids are one of the components with the highest energy content per unit mass and are one of the most expensive compounds to synthesize (3.030 g glucose g -1 , Penning de Vries et al, 1974). In contrast, Poorter & Bergkotte (1992) did not find any relationship between lipid concentration and leaf CC in herbaceous species from central Europe, which could result from the low lipid concentration in these species (Poorter & Villar, 1997). Other compounds with high specific cost, such as lignin or phenols, could also explain the higher CC in some species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Leaf CC showed a wide range between different species from 1.08 to 1.92 g glucose g -1 , which represents a 78% difference. Assuming similar differences in roots and stems, it could be significant for the carbon balance of a species, as individuals could grow expending 78% less energy than others; which could result, all things being equal, in higher relative growth rates or more energy allocated to defence and /or reproduction (Poorter & Villar, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive correlation between components with high and low cost of synthesis, for example, that between proteins and minerals (Chapin, 1989;Poorter, 1994;Poorter & Villar, 1997, Fig. 2b), or the negative correlation between expensive compounds, for example, protein and lignin, lignin and tannin (Chapin, 1989), or protein and wax (Martínez et al, unpublished), could explain the observed similarity in mean leaf CC in species with different leaf life-span or from different ecosystems.…”

Section: Importance Of Leaf CC Chemical Composition and Leaf Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life‐spans in contrasting ecosystems

2001

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Summary• The construction costs ( CC ) are reported of leaves from 162 wild woody species from 14 contrasting environments (desert to rain forest) and with different leaf life-spans.• Calorimetric methods were used to estimate the CC of deciduous, semideciduous and evergreen leaves.• Leaf CC showed a wide range (78%) between species, and deciduous species showed a slightly lower CC (6%) than both semideciduous and evergreen species. Mean leaf CC differed between ecosystems, with the highest and lowest CC in the tundra and rain forest, respectively. Leaf CC was positively correlated with lipid concentration. Leaf size (log) and specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per leaf dry mass) were negatively correlated with leaf CC . Leaf CC did not show differences between different leaf life-spans or ecosystems when leaf size (log) or SLA were included as covariates.• The small differences in leaf CC among leaf life-span types and ecosystems (6% and 23%, respectively) suggest that SLA is more important in determining differences in the carbon balance between species than leaf CC . Leaf size is shown to be an important trait associated with other leaf characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Leaf CC Chemical Composition and Leaf Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life‐spans in contrasting ecosystems

2001

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“…Final values were found as the sum of ethanol-soluble carbohydrates and starch. NSC analyses were carried out in duplicate for each sample, further details on analyses and calculations can be found in Poorter and Villar (1997). Leaf NSC concentrations are contingent on the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves as well as the amount of irradiance that received (Lambers et al 2008).…”

Section: Study Design and Sampling Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, together with the time delay that exists between photosynthate production and translocation, may affect the content of leaf substances diurnally (Poorter et al 2009). To partial out this source of variability, it has been recommended to express leaf/needle nutrient concentrations on a NSC-free dry weight (Poorter and Villar 1997;Niinemets 1997). Therefore, we expressed leaf/needle nutrient content on a NSC-free dry weight basis as: Nut c = Nut / (1 -NSC); where Nut is the original nutrient concentration and NSC is expressed as the proportion of dry matter.…”

Section: Study Design and Sampling Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies to the interactive effect of neighbor identity and enhanced CO2 levels

Rolo

Andivia

Pokorný

2015

Trees

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Enhanced levels of CO 2 affected both the nutrition and morphology of both species. The effect of interspecific competition was dependent on the species identity but not on the CO 2 level. AbstractThe interest in adaptive forest strategies to overcome predicted scenarios of climate change is increasing worldwide. An example of these strategies is the introduction of native species into mono-specific plantations. However, to fully consider this option/strategy, a higher understanding of the responses of forest tree species to concurrent biotic and abiotic factors is needed. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional and morphological adjustments of individuals of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) growing at enhanced levels of CO 2 and with different proportions of con-specific individuals in its vicinity.Individuals that grew at elevated CO 2 levels showed higher values of relative growth rate (RGR), total twig dry biomass and root biomass, and lower values of leaf area ratio, leaf N and Mg concentrations and soil nutrient concentrations. Individuals of Norway spruce growing in the vicinity of high proportions of European beech showed a reduction in the allocation of biomass to foliar tissue and lower values of RGR and root biomass. European beech, by contrast, showed a limited response to Norway spruce presence and higher capacity in the exploitation of space both above-and belowground. In conclusion, the lower response of European beech to both environmental factors suggests that the introduction of European beech into Norway spruce stands could be a feasible option in current forest transition strategies.

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Interannual variation in biomass burning and fire seasonality derived from geostationary satellite data across the contiguous United States from 1995 to 2011

2014

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Wildfires exhibit a strong seasonality that is driven by climatic factors and human activities.Although the fire seasonality is commonly determined using burned area and fire frequency, it could also be quantified using biomass consumption estimates that directly represent biomass loss (a combination of the area burned and the fuel loading). Therefore, in this study a data set of long-term biomass consumed was derived from geostationary satellite data to explore the interannual variation in the fire seasonality and the possible impacts of climate change and land management practices across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). Specifically, daily biomass consumed data were derived using the fire radiative power retrieved from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites series with a pixel size of 4-10 km from 1995 to 2011. Annual fire seasonality metrics including the fire season duration, the timing of the start, peak, and end of the fire season, and interannual variation and trends were derived from the 17 year biomass consumed record. These metrics were associated with climatic factors to examine drivers and mediators of fire seasonality. The results indicate that biomass consumed significantly increased at a rate of 2.87 Tg/yr; however, the derived fire season duration exhibited a shortening trend in various states over the western CONUS and no significant trend in most other regions. This suggests that the frequency of extreme fire events has increased, which is perhaps associated with an observed increase of extreme weather conditions. Further, both the start and the end of the fire season exhibited an early shift (1.5-5 d/yr) in various eastern states although a late shift occurred in Arizona and Oregon. The interannual variation and trend in the fire seasonality was more strongly related to temperature in the western CONUS and to precipitation in the southeast. The Palmer Drought Severity Index was found to effectively reflect interannual variations in total biomass consumed although it was poorly correlated to the fire seasonality metrics. The results indicate that across the CONUS, the spatial patterns of the start, peak, and end of the fire season shift regularly in various regions in response to latitudinal gradients of temperature variation. IntroductionWildfires have a significant influence on ecosystem structure and function, trace gas emissions, carbon cycle, air quality, energy feedbacks to the climate system, regional socioeconomic conditions, and future land use planning [Chapin et al., 2003;Randerson et al., 2006;Balshi et al., 2007Balshi et al., , 2009. These influences may vary greatly with the seasonal occurrence and activity of wildfires [Russell-Smith et al., 2009;Le Page et al., 2010a;Ge et al., 2013]. The principal characteristics of fires in a region are often referred to as the fire regime, usually characterized in terms of the seasonality, frequency, spread patterns, intensity, fuel consumption, and severity of fires [Bond and Keeley, 2005;Gill, 1975]. As the climate...

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The Fate of Acquired Carbon in Plants: Chemical Composition and Construction Costs

Cited by 218 publications

References 63 publications

Comparison of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life‐spans in contrasting ecosystems

Comparison of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life‐spans in contrasting ecosystems

Response of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies to the interactive effect of neighbor identity and enhanced CO2 levels

Interannual variation in biomass burning and fire seasonality derived from geostationary satellite data across the contiguous United States from 1995 to 2011

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