The fate and weathering of surface oil from the bravo blowout

Audunson, T.

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(80)90034-3

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In fact, it depends on the physical process of the problem and the desired computational efficiency. Most of the models have used a value of around 3% for the former and a value between 0° and 25° for the latter [34,35,36,37]. In this study we have employed the well-established 3% wind factor and a wind drift angle equal to 20° also in accordance with what obtained from our previous study [26].…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Armenio

Meftah

Padova

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The present work aims at illustrating how the joint use of monitoring data and numerical models can be beneficial in understanding coastal processes. In the first part, we show and discuss an annual dataset provided by a monitoring system installed in a vulnerable coastal basin located in Southern Italy, subjected to human and industrial pressures. The collected data have been processed and analysed to detect the temporal evolution of the most representative parameters of the inspected site and have been compared with recordings from previous years to investigate recursive trends. In the second part, to demonstrate to what extent such type of monitoring actions is necessary and useful, the same data have been used to calibrate and run a 3D hydrodynamic model. After this, a reliable circulation pattern in the basin has been reproduced. Successively, an oil pollution transport model has been added to the hydrodynamic model, with the aim to present the response of the basin to some hypothetical cases of oil spills, caused by a ship failure. It is evident that the profitable prediction of the hydrodynamic processes and the transport and dispersion of contaminants strictly depends on the quality and reliability of the input data as well as on the calibration made.

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Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Armenio

Meftah

Padova

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The evaporation of most crude oil can reach more than 40%, and the diesel oil can reach even more than 80%. Currently, the calculation methods for oil slick evaporation include the analytical method proposed by Stiver and Mackay [37] and the multi-component calculation method proposed by Audunson [38]. The former relies on empirical parameters, while the latter requires detailed oil spill data.…”

Section: ) Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the small change of environmental temperature in the process of oil spill accident, the temperature factor on viscosity is neglected, but the effects of evaporation and emulsification on oil are considered. The specific formula is as follows [38]:…”

Section: ) Density and Viscosity Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of the Zhengrunzhou Water Source under the Influence of Oil Spill Accidents at the Wharf Group

Zhou

2022

Sustainability

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To compensate for the research defects of strong subjectivity in determining oil spill amount, insufficient consideration of wharf distribution, and incomplete indexes for reflecting the influence degree of oil spill accidents on water sources, and to enhance the supervision efficiency of the supervision department, this paper constructs a risk assessment system of water sources under the influence of the wharf group. The system includes a wharf group division method considering the wharf distribution situation; the calculation method of oil spill amount at wharves considering the oil tank capacity of main ship types and the production supervision risk at the wharves; the calculation method of the oil spill amount at the wharf group considering the wharf number, distribution density, production supervision risk and wharf oil spillage; the determination method for the influence degree of oil spill at the wharf group on the water sources and judgment method of supervision level at the wharf group, which takes the arrival time of oil slicks, the duration of over-standard petroleum concentration and the maximum over-standard multiple of petroleum concentration at the water intake as indexes; the method of determining the risk of oil spill accidents at the water source considering the cumulative effect of oil spill at the wharf group on the risk of the water sources; and the environmental risk assessment method of water sources considering oil spill accident risk and the anti-risk ability. Applying this system to the environmental risk assessment of the Zhengrunzhou water source in Zhenjiang City, we discovered that the flow field, wind field, oil spill location and oil spill amount were correlated with the influence degree of oil spill accidents on water sources, for which the flow field demonstrated the strongest correlation, while the wind field presented the weakest. The supervision level of the wharf group is mainly sub-key or non-key levels, but the level of the wharf group SD07 is approximate to the key supervision level during rising tide. Due to the strong anti-risk ability of the Zhengrunzhou water source, the environmental risks of the Zhengrunzhou water source under different working conditions are scarcely different and belong to the medium-risk level.

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“…The Ekofisk Bravo production platform blowout occurred in Norwegian waters in April 1977 with no fatalities [41][42][43]. The cause of the accident was a blowout that occurred due to human error during maintenance operations (an incorrectly installed downhole safety valve).…”

Section: Ekofisk Bravo Production Platform Blowoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability Analysis and Prevention of Offshore Oil and Gas Accidents: Fire as a Cause and a Consequence

Brkić

Praks

2021

Fire

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Failures during the drilling and exploitation of hydrocarbons that result in catastrophic offshore oil and gas accidents are relatively rare but if they occur the consequences can be catastrophic in terms of loss of life and environmental damage. Therefore, to gain insight into their prevention, the largest major offshore oil and gas accidents, those with more than 10 fatalities or with a large environmental impact, are analyzed in this article. Special attention is placed on fire as a cause and a consequence. Relevant technological and legislative changes and updates regarding safety that have followed such accidents and that can prevent potential future similar misfortunes are evaluated. Two main approaches to safety are compared: (1) the American prescriptive vs. (2) the European goal-oriented approach. The main causes of accidents are tested statistically in respect of failure probability, where the exact confidence limits for the estimated probabilities are computed. The results of the statistical test based on exact confidence intervals show that there is no significant difference between the analysed factors, which describe the main causes of offshore oil and gas accidents. Based on the small but carefully chosen group of 24 of the largest accidents, it can be concluded that there is no evidence of a difference between the categories of the main causes of accidents.

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The fate and weathering of surface oil from the bravo blowout

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Environmental Risk Assessment of the Zhengrunzhou Water Source under the Influence of Oil Spill Accidents at the Wharf Group

Probability Analysis and Prevention of Offshore Oil and Gas Accidents: Fire as a Cause and a Consequence

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