The familial phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to tic disorders: the Hopkins OCD family study

Grados, Marco A.; Riddle, Mark A.; Samuels, Jack; Liang, Kung Yee; Hoehn‐Saric, Rudolf; Bienvenu, O. Joseph; Walkup, John T.; Song, Dong Ho; Nestadt, Gerald

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01074-5

Cited by 173 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other grounds for this debate are findings from the way other disorders are associated with OCD in family studies (Grados et al, 2001;Hanna et al, 2005;Pauls et al, 1995) and findings from studies of OCD co-morbidity patterns (Geller et al, 2000;Hanna et al, 2002;Ivarsson et al, 2007). Furthermore, findings from the study of endophenotypes, i.e.…”

Section: Ocd Nosology Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Ivarsson

Melin

2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

116

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Objective: Assess the prevalence of autistic traits (AST) in pediatric OCD and relate them to OCD co-morbidity and compare them with published normative data.Methods: Pediatric patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (n=109) according to the DSM IV were studied using parent ratings of the Autistic Symptom/Syndrome Questionnaire to assess AST symptoms as a continuous rather than categorical trait. The KSADS, a semistructured psychiatric interview, was used for the psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. Also, the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to assess OCD severity and other clinical features.Results: AST was common among our patients. Symptom scores were highest in cases with co-morbid Autistic Spectrum Disorders, but cases with other co-morbidities as tics/Tourette and attention/behavioral disorders also scored higher. All sub-groups, including OCD without these co-morbidities scored higher than the Swedish normative group. Using ANOVA, comorbid ASD and tics/Tourette (plus a term for gender by tic interaction indicating that girls with tics scored high, otherwise low) and pathological doubt contributed (R 2 = .41) to the AST-traits, while OCD severity and co-morbid anxiety-and depressive disorders did not.Conclusion: AST traits are prevalent in OCD and seem to be intricately associated with the co-morbidities as well as the OCD syndrome itself. The findings might have implication for our nosological understanding of OCD which currently is discussed.4

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Section: Ocd Nosology Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Ivarsson

Melin

2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

116

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“…While the extent of this spectrum remains unknown, there are some compelling data supporting the genetic association between OCD and disorders such as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and grooming behaviors. 6,9,10 Additional studies also suggest (see below) that obsessivecompulsive personality disorder (OCPD), currently conceived as a personality disorder, is also potentially a condition within the OCD spectrum. 11 Patterns of transmission within families are consistent with genetic transmission, although segregation analyses of OCD family data 7,[12][13][14] have yielded divergent results.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Genetic Studies Of Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,38 Age at onset also appears to be related to differential familial recurrence risk of OCD. 6,7,9 In a recent study of 106 families of children and adolescents with OCD, Rosario-Campos et al 32 studied 325 firstdegree family members of childhood and adolescent OCD probands and 140 first-degree relatives of control children and adolescents. The results from this study were consistent with earlier reports from families of adult OCD probands with early onset.…”

Section: Early-onset Ocd Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes: implications for genetic studies

et al. 2004

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) clinical presentation is remarkably diverse, and can vary both within and across patients over time. This variability in the phenotypic expression has led to the hypothesis that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder and that this heterogeneity obscures the findings of clinical, natural history and treatment response studies and complicates the search for vulnerability genes. A complete understanding of what comprises OCD and the underlying etiological mechanisms will require a dramatic change in how the disorder is conceptualized. In this review, several different approaches that may represent the first steps in this reconceptualization are discussed. These approaches include (1) narrowing the phenotype to identify categorically defined more homogeneous and mutually exclusive subtypes of OCD, (2) considering OC symptom dimensions as quantitative components of the more complex OCD phenotype and (3) broadening the phenotype to include other etiologically related conditions. A combined dimensional approach within distinctive subgroups is proposed as probably the most effective in helping to identify the heritable components of OCD. By identifying heritable components of OCD, it should be possible to find genes for these separate components. The review continues with the illustration of the possible role of some epigenetic risk and protective factors in the OCD presentation and the relevance of examining associated traits and/or endophenotypes to enhance our ability to understand the genetic basis of OCD. To conclude, we discuss the variability in treatment outcome and the significance of the development of specific pharmacological and/or behavioral based therapies tailored to each of these phenotypes. Molecular Psychiatry (2005) 10, 258-275.

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“…ESPITE SUBSTANTIAL EXTANT RESEARCH documenting the importance of genetic and familial influences on expression of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (Alsobrook II et al 1999;Grados et al 2001;Hanna et al 2005;Nestadt et al 2000;Pauls et al 1995;Reddy et al 2001;do Rosario-Campos et al 2005), scant information is available regarding environmental factors for the disorder. Such environmental factors could have important implications for prevention or management if they could be identified and manipulated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Prabhuswamy

Srinath

Girimaji

et al. 2007

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: To examine whether adverse perinatal experiences of children are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Methods: Subjects were 130 children and adolescents with OCD recruited from a family genetic study of pediatric OCD and 49 matched controls from a contemporaneous family case-control study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Subjects were comprehensively assessed in multiple domains of function. A systematic history of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy complications was obtained. Results: Compared to normal controls, children with OCD had mothers with significantly higher rates of illness during pregnancy requiring medical care ( 2 ϭ 8.61, p ϭ 0.003) and more birth difficulties (induced labor, forceps delivery, nuchal cord, or prolonged labor) ( 2 ϭ 7.51, p ϭ 0.006). Among the OCD-affected children, we found several significant associations between adverse perinatal experiences and earlier age at onset, increased OCD severity, and increased risk for comorbid ADHD, chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Although exploratory, our analyses found that children with OCD had higher rates of several adverse perinatal experiences compared with controls. Among OCD-affected children, comorbid psychopathology was predicted by specific perinatal risk factors. Prospective studies of perinatal adverse events that minimize potential recall bias and type I errors are needed. 373

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The familial phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to tic disorders: the Hopkins OCD family study

Cited by 173 publications

References 23 publications

Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes: implications for genetic studies

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

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