Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective: To examine whether adverse perinatal experiences of children are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Methods: Subjects were 130 children and adolescents with OCD recruited from a family genetic study of pediatric OCD and 49 matched controls from a contemporaneous family case-control study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Subjects were comprehensively assessed in multiple domains of function. A systematic history of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy complications was obtained. Results: Compared to normal controls, children with OCD had mothers with significantly higher rates of illness during pregnancy requiring medical care ( 2 ϭ 8.61, p ϭ 0.003) and more birth difficulties (induced labor, forceps delivery, nuchal cord, or prolonged labor) ( 2 ϭ 7.51, p ϭ 0.006). Among the OCD-affected children, we found several significant associations between adverse perinatal experiences and earlier age at onset, increased OCD severity, and increased risk for comorbid ADHD, chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Although exploratory, our analyses found that children with OCD had higher rates of several adverse perinatal experiences compared with controls. Among OCD-affected children, comorbid psychopathology was predicted by specific perinatal risk factors. Prospective studies of perinatal adverse events that minimize potential recall bias and type I errors are needed. 373

Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

“…In agreement with our findings, two other studies (Geller et al, 2008; Vasconcelos et al, 2007) found that prolonged labor was associated with OCD diagnosis; also, our finding regarding forceps delivery and OCD diagnosis is in line with one other study (Santangelo, 1994). However, our results regarding co-occurring OCD are in contrast to Mathews et al (Mathews et al, 2006) who had identified maternal smoking as the most important exposure.…”

Comparison of facial expression in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia using the Facial Action Coding System: a preliminary study

“…Obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia are, in fact, considered to be neurodevelopmental disorders with dysfunctional frontal subcortical circuitry 37. A possible common neurodevelopmental origin is suggested by several lines of evidence: both obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia have a juvenile onset and chronic course; relevant neurological soft signs are present in both diseases;38,39 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and those with schizophrenia have more adverse perinatal experiences than healthy controls;38,40 obsessive-compulsive symptoms are clinically important phenomena in people with schizophrenia; and people with obsessive-compulsive disorder often experience psychosis 41. In line with this theory, the impaired capacity to experience and express emotions may be seen as another chronic consequence of the same neurodevelopmental origin of the two diseases.…”

Cigarette smoking in obsessive-compulsive disorder and unaffected parents of OCD patients

“…Detailed recruitment and study methodology is reported elsewhere [31]. In brief, as part of a large pediatric OCD family study, 130 probands and 374 first degree relatives were recruited mostly via referrals to a pediatric OCD program (22 families were ascertained directly through advertising).…”