The Factor Structure of the SF-36 Health Survey in 10 Countries

Ware, John E.; Kosinski, Mark; Gandek, Barbara; Aaronson, Neil K.; Apolone, Giovanni; Bech, Per; Brazier, John; Bullinger, Monika; Kaasa, Stein; Leplège, Alain; Prieto, Luís; Sullivan, Marianne

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00107-3

Cited by 618 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our results are similar to the twofactor structure of Persian version (Mohammadpour and Yousefi 2008), where the first factor (MCS) was highly related with the mental health scale and the MCS explained a larger proportion of the total variance than the PCS. This is different from what has been observed in other populations where PCS explains more variance (Ware et al 1998a). After adjusting by age and gender, the main predictors of low health-related QoL in Chilean older people were self-perceived symptoms of depression, the presence of two or more chronic diseases and socio-economic factors, such as illiteracy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…In the present study, the two summary measures explained 65.3 % of the total variance and 74.2 % of the reliable variance. These values are almost the same to those obtained in Spain (65.6 and 76.3 %,respectively) and in the ten countries analyzed in the IQOLA Project (Ware et al 1998a) where the total variance explained was 65.6-71.6 % and the reliable variance 76.3-84.7 %.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test the internal consistency of the items in their corresponding scale and between the scales. Factor analysis using the principal factor method (Mardia et al 1979) was used to test the generalizability of the two-dimensional summary factors of SF-36 scales in Chilean older people Ware et al (1998a) We used the criteria proposed Ware et al (1998a) where two factors (MCS and PCS) could explain more than 60 % of the total variance and greater than 70 % of the reliable variance in SF-36 scale scores. Principal factors were rotated to orthogonal simple structure using the varimax method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 36 items included in SF-36 are clustered in the following scales: physical functioning (PF) (ten items), role physical (RP) (four items), bodily pain (BP) (two items), general health perceptions (GH) (five items), vitality (VT) (four items), social functioning (SF) (two items), roleemotional (RE) (three items) and mental health (MH) (five items) (Ware et al 1998a).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

et al. 2013

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To validate short-form-36 health survey (SF-36) with specific scoring algorithm obtained in a large sample of Chilean older people and to associate quality of life in this sample with social and health related factors. A cross-sectional study on 2,143 community-living subjects aged 60-92 years (33 % men and 67 % women) conducted in Santiago, Chile. Scores in 8 scales of SF-36-physical function (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE) and mental health (MH)-, were calculated. Factor analysis was used to extract two principal factors and logistic regression model was applied to estimate its association with socio-demographic and health variables. The internal consistency of scales was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.86-0.87). Factor analysis retained two factors: mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) components accounting for 65.3 % of total variance (55.3 and 10.0 % respectively). High correlations (0.61-0.94) between MCS and MH, V, RE and SF were obtained. PCS correlated highest (0.72-0.86) with RP, PF and BP. Self-perceived symptoms of depression (GDS-15 C5) was the main variable explaining low scores in both MCS and PCS (adjusted OR = 26.9; 95 % CI: 15.3-47.2; OR = 3.4; 95 % CI: 2.1-5.5, respectively). We have demonstrated the reliability and validity of SF-36 questionnaire to evaluate health related quality of life, reporting Chilean-Specific factor score coefficients for MCS and PCS based in national Chilean means and standard deviations for older people. After adjusting by age and gender, the main predictors of low health related QoL in Chilean older people were selfperceived symptoms of depression, the presence of two or more chronic diseases and illiteracy. Important gender inequalities were observed in all of these results, being consistently less favorable in women than in men.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

et al. 2013

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“…Customer Loyalty, Customer Retention, and electronic Customer Relationship (eCRM) have α values higher than 0.7 so their consistency is high (Cronbach, 1951;Nova´k, Christine, & Abetz, 2004;Ware, Kosinski, & Gandek, 1998), (Table-3).…”

Section: Reliability Of Main Factors and Internal Factors Of Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of eCRM on Loyalty and Retention of Customers in Iranian Telecommunication Sector

Khaligh¹,

Miremadi²,

Aminilari³

2012

IJBM

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The research approach is to appraise the impact of electronic customer relationship management in creating loyalty and retention of customers in Iran mobile telecommunication sector. 200 customers who use Iranian mobile telecom operators' services (Hamrah-e Avval , Irancell, and Taliya) have been asked as respondents in this research. The objective of this study is to find the relationship between eCRM effective factors and loyalty and retention factors in order to conduct the Iranian mobile telecom operators to be successful in enhancing loyalty and retention of their customers in this field. With this Approach, the results of our research shows which factors are effective and which factors are not in Iranian mobile telecom sector. This study enables the manager of this sector to implement the eCRM in the best shape and match it with Iranian culture to create more loyalty and retention.

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Disability and Poor Quality of Life Associated With Comorbid Anxiety Disorders and Physical Conditions

Sareen¹,

Jacobi²,

Cox³

et al. 2006

Arch Intern Med

311

240

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The Factor Structure of the SF-36 Health Survey in 10 Countries

Cited by 618 publications

References 19 publications

Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

The Impact of eCRM on Loyalty and Retention of Customers in Iranian Telecommunication Sector

Disability and Poor Quality of Life Associated With Comorbid Anxiety Disorders and Physical Conditions

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