The facile synthesis of graphene nanoplatelet–lead styphnate composites and their depressed electrostatic hazards

Abstract

Graphene nanoplatelet-lead styphnate composites (GLS) were prepared either by adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to the reaction solution or by coating normal lead styphnate (LS) with GNP.The composites exhibited excellent anti-electrostatic performance with depressed electrostatic spark sensitivity and static electricity accumulation.

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

“…The composites showed an excellent anti-electrostatic performance with depressed electrostatic spark sensitivity and static electricity accumulation. 154 Although potassium picrate (KPA) is a less powerful explosive than LS, it has many important applications. KPA is somewhat shock-sensitive and even more sensitive than the parent picric acid.…”

Theoretical study of the correlation between electrostatic hazard and electronic structure for some typical primary explosives

“…The experimental spark sensitivity and static charge accumulation values of the five primary explosives were obtained from our previous works [22][23][24][25], and are listed in Table 1. However, the static charge accumulations of 2 and 4 have not been measured.…”

“…The spark sensitivities of these materials decrease in the sequence 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5. More interestingly, lead styphnate can easily accumulate considerable negative charge through contact with and then separation from other objects [22]. Primary explosives containing different ligands and metal cations or anions show remarkable differences in the electrostatic hazards that they pose.…”

“…Lead styphnate (1), lead azide (3), (5-cyanotetrazolato-N 2 ) pentaammine cobalt perchlorate (4), and tris(carbohydrazide) zinc perchlorate (5) are widely used primary explosives and hexa(1,5-diaminotetrazole) cobalt perchlorate (2) is a very promising initiator composition, so the structures and properties of these compounds have been studied in detail [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]; their chemical structures are shown in Fig. 1.…”

Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants

“…The main function of a combustion catalyst is to tailor the burning rate and reduce the pressure exponent (n) of a solid propellant. In this context, lead(II) and copper(II) salts, including inorganic and organic compounds, have been widely investigated and are considered to be the most popular and efficient combustion catalysts for double-base (DB) and composite modified doublebase (CMDB) propellants [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Specifically, some inorganic metal oxides and organic carboxylic acid metal salts are the preferred choices in DB and CMDB propellants, and include lead oxide (PbO) [20], copper oxide (CuO) [21], lead carbonate (PbCO 3 ), phthalic acid lead salt (φ-Pb) and adipic acid copper salt (β-Cu) [22,23].…”