The expression and regulation of anger in toddlers: Relations to maternal behavior and mental representations

Feldman, Ruth; Dollberg, Daphna; Nadam, Roni

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.02.001

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Reports of stubbornness decreased at 24 months (24.2 %) when several mothers reported that they had learned to address this behaviour. This finding matches that of Feldman et al (2011) who found that the presence of positive maternal behaviours promoting emotional self-regulation was related to the greater abilities to curb aggressiveness in 2-to 3-year-olds. Cassiano and Linhares (2015) also highlighted that the mother-infant interaction quality can influence the child's temperament, specially at an age considered a turning point to self-regulation and a higher demand for a more active maternal behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The influence of personal characteristics and social support regarding pacifier introduction among preterm infants

Dadalto

Rosa

2016

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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The study evaluated mothers of preterm infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with regard to their personal characteristics and those of their infants as well as the role that social support plays in deciding whether to introduce a pacifier during the first two years of the infant's life. This longitudinal study was based on the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The mothers were interviewed at the NICU and when their infants were 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old. The participants were grouped according to whether the infants used a pacifier (Group-A) or not (Group-B). The results showed that calm/peaceful maternal characteristics were more frequent in Group-A (75 %), and nervous/agitated/irritated in Group-B (61.5 %; p = 0.041). Calm/easy-to-care/ independent infant characteristics prevailed in Group-A (55 %), whereas agitated/messy/stubborn/aggressive characteristics did so in Group-B (84.6 %; p = 0.026). These latter traits were also associated with multiple offers for a pacifier (p = 0.006). Group-A reported one or two people in their social support network (77.8 %), whereas Group-B reported three to seven people (66.7 %; p = 0.001). In conclusion, calm/peaceful and calm/easy-to-care/independent characteristics predominated in the mothers and infants of Group-A; these infant traits were associated with easier pacifier acceptance. The extent of social support was significantly smaller in Group-A.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The influence of personal characteristics and social support regarding pacifier introduction among preterm infants

Dadalto

Rosa

2016

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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“…The Masks and Bubbles paradigms, tapping child emotion regulation, were each micro-coded for the child’s expression of positive emotionality (positive affect, positive vocalizations and laughter) and negative emotionality (negative affect, withdrawal, crying/yelling and protest). Two types of regulatory behaviors were micro-coded, consistent with prior research (Feldman et al, 2011; Hirschler-Guttenberg et al , 2015; Ostfeld-Etzion et al , 2015): Simple regulatory behaviors—included behaviors aiming solely at self-regulation that clearly display the child’s regulatory effort, such as physical self-soothing (e.g. thumb-sucking), verbal self-soothing (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network integrity of the parental brain in infancy supports the development of children’s social competencies

Abraham

Hendler

Zagoory‐Sharon

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The cross-generational transmission of mammalian sociality, initiated by the parent’s postpartum brain plasticity and species-typical behavior that buttress offspring’s socialization, has not been studied in humans. In this longitudinal study, we measured brain response of 45 primary-caregiving parents to their infant’s stimuli, observed parent–infant interactions, and assayed parental oxytocin (OT). Intra- and inter-network connectivity were computed in three main networks of the human parental brain: core limbic, embodied simulation and mentalizing. During preschool, two key child social competencies were observed: emotion regulation and socialization. Parent’s network integrity in infancy predicted preschoolers’ social outcomes, with subcortical and cortical network integrity foreshadowing simple evolutionary-based regulatory tactics vs complex self-regulatory strategies and advanced socialization. Parent–infant synchrony mediated the links between connectivity of the parent’s embodied simulation network and preschoolers' ability to use cognitive/executive emotion regulation strategies, highlighting the inherently dyadic nature of this network and its long-term effects on tuning young to social life. Parent’s inter-network core limbic-embodied simulation connectivity predicted children’s OT as moderated by parental OT. Findings challenge solipsistic neuroscience perspectives by demonstrating how the parent–offspring interface enables the brain of one human to profoundly impact long-term adaptation of another.

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“…Very little research utilized the FTFSF paradigm beyond the first months of life to test preschoolers’ regulatory strategies during parental unavailability. One study of preschoolers [11] found that during maternal still face children used both putative regulatory behavior - behaviors whose only goal is self-regulation, such as self-soothing, repetitive self-talk, or proximity-seeking, and complex regulatory behaviors - behaviors that are not inherently regulatory but are used for regulation during moments of stress, such as substitutive play or attention redirection. Children with more advanced social skills and those receiving more attuned parenting displayed greater use of complex regulatory tactics, indicating that the strategies preschoolers use to regulate social rupture and repair may index the degree of social maturity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, studies of ER skills as measured by direct observations of behavior in emotion-eliciting contexts are rare in ASD and authors have underscored the need for much further research on the specific ER behaviors children with ASD use to regulate moments of social stress [15]. The few existing studies examined child ER in situations that elicit anger or frustration [16,17] and showed that preschoolers with ASD employ more simple and physical regulatory tactics, such as self-soothing or proximity-seeking, which are typically observed in infants and toddlers [11], and less complex strategies that rely on cognitive or attentive processes, such as attention diversion or substitutive play. Difficulties in affective sharing [18], limited understanding of emotional messages [12], reduced gaze synchrony [19], and immature theory-of-mind abilities [20], characteristic of preschoolers with ASD, further complicate their ability to regulate social stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine and behavioral response to social rupture and repair in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders interacting with mother and father

et al. 2015

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Background: Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties in handling social stress and utilizing efficient emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage high arousal. While researchers called to assess ER in ASD, few studies utilized direct observations. We tested children's behavioral and cortisol response to maternal and paternal unavailability and hypothesized that children with ASD will employ less complex ER strategies and their parents would show increased regulation facilitation effort to accommodate their child's difficulties. Methods: Forty preschoolers with ASD were matched with 40 typically developing (TD) preschoolers. Children were seen twice for identical battery with mother or father in the face-to-face-still-face paradigm, a three-episode paradigm where parent-child play (free play (FP)) is interrupted by elimination of communication (still face (SF)) followed by resuming play (reunion (RE)). Micro-coding of parent and child's social behavior and ER strategies was conducted. Parent and child's cortisol was assessed at baseline, following stress, and at recovery. Results: Children with ASD exhibited the typical SF effect, indexed by an increase in negative affect and decrease in positive communications, but employed more simple regulatory behavior (self-soothing, proximity-seeking) and less complex strategies involving attention redirection and substitutive play. Their parents used more regulationfacilitation behavior, both simple and complex. All children showed initial cortisol response to novelty, which declined over time. However, maternal presence suppressed initial cortisol response in children with ASD.

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The expression and regulation of anger in toddlers: Relations to maternal behavior and mental representations

Cited by 72 publications

References 62 publications

The influence of personal characteristics and social support regarding pacifier introduction among preterm infants

The influence of personal characteristics and social support regarding pacifier introduction among preterm infants

Network integrity of the parental brain in infancy supports the development of children’s social competencies

Neuroendocrine and behavioral response to social rupture and repair in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders interacting with mother and father

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