The expression and prognostic value of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in glioma

Abstract

Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family belongs to the transmembrane protein receptor of the tyrosine kinase I subfamily and has 4 members: EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4. The EGFR family is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. Materials/methods In this study, we used multiple online bioinformatics websites, including ONCOMINE, TCGA, CGGA, TIMER, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA and DAVID, to study the expression profiles, prognostic values and immune infiltration correlations of the EGFR family in glioma. Results We found that EGFR and ERBB2 mRNA expression levels were higher in glioblastoma (GBM, WHO IV) than in other grades (WHO grade II & III), while the ERBB3 and ERBB4 mRNA expression levels were the opposite. EGFR and ERBB2 were notably downregulated in IDH mutant gliomas, while ERBB3 and ERBB4 were upregulated, which was associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, correlation analysis between EGFR family expression levels and immune infiltrating levels in glioma showed that EGFR family expression and immune infiltrating levels were significantly correlated. The PPI network of the EGFR family in glioma and enrichment analysis showed that the EGFR family and its interactors mainly participated in the regulation of cell motility, involving integrin receptors and Rho family GTPases. Conclusions In summary, the results of this study indicate that the EGFR family members may become potential therapeutic targets and new prognostic markers for glioma.

Hydrogel on a Smart Nanomaterial Interface to Carry Therapeutics for Digitalized Glioma Treatment

“…There are many types of hydrogel, such as poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG), hyaluronic acid, poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-lactide) (PCLA-PEG-PCLA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 24 , 32 , 33 ]. Natural products such as gelatin, triglycerol monostearate, pig diesel, and collagen have been employed as hydrogel scaffolds [ 25 , 27 , 29 , 31 ].…”

“…Hydrogel as the therapeutics carrier can enhance the drug’s penetration and retention at the tumor site. The high-water content made hydrogels suitable structures for loading stem cells [ 15 ]. There are 7 out of 20 articles employing hydrogel with stem cells for glioma cancer treatment.…”

“…It is generally believed that angiogenesis is beneficial to tumor progression and migration, and anti-angiogenesis is a common strategy for tumor therapy. Invasive glioma cells are resistant to clinical standard-of-care chemotherapy, along with radiation [ 15 ]. The emerging molecular target implicated in invasive glioma biology is the TNF receptor superfamily member named fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) [ 5 , 38 ].…”

Tastin promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression through the ErbB4, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways

“…18 The expression of ErbB4 is increased in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. 18,19 Under normal physiological conditions, the extracellular domain of ErbB4 is activated after binding to its ligand. The receptor dimerizes and autophosphorylates, activating downstream pathways, including Ras/Raf/MEK/ ERK and PI3K/AKT, which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis.…”

LncRNA H19 Impairs Chemo and Radiotherapy in Tumorigenesis

“…Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mediated signaling commonly upregulated in many different tumors such as non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer [ 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Upregulation of EGRF activity is caused by distinct mutations or truncations on both extracellular and/or kinase domain such as EGFRvIII truncations or L858R mutations, respectively.…”