LncRNA H19 Impairs Chemo and Radiotherapy in Tumorigenesis

Abstract

Various treatments based on drug administration and radiotherapy have been devoted to preventing, palliating, and defeating cancer, showing high efficiency against the progression of this disease. Recently, in this process, malignant cells have been found which are capable of triggering specific molecular mechanisms against current treatments, with negative consequences in the prognosis of the disease. It is therefore fundamental to understand the underlying mechanisms, including the genes—and their signaling pathway regulators—involved in the process, in order to fight tumor cells. Long non-coding RNAs, H19 in particular, have been revealed as powerful protective factors in various types of cancer. However, they have also evidenced their oncogenic role in multiple carcinomas, enhancing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this review, we analyze the role of lncRNA H19 impairing chemo and radiotherapy in tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, glioma, and colorectal carcinoma.

Extracellular vesicles released by hypoxia‐induced tumor‐associated fibroblasts impart chemoresistance to breast cancer cells via long noncoding RNA H19 delivery

“…EVs are membrane‐released vesicles acting as transporters of proteins, lipids, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as H19 7,8 . H19 is a research focus due to its ectopic expression in various types of human malignant tumors where it exerts oncogenic roles to enhance cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis as well as impairing chemo and radiotherapy in tumorigenesis, including BC 9,10 . The expression of H19 in paclitaxel (TAX)‐resistant TNBC cells is significantly higher than that in TAX‐sensitive cells, and H19 knockdown can increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to TAX by mediating the AKT signaling pathway 11 .…”

“…7,8 H19 is a research focus due to its ectopic expression in various types of human malignant tumors where it exerts oncogenic roles to enhance cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis as well as impairing chemo and radiotherapy in tumorigenesis, including BC. 9,10 The expression of H19 in paclitaxel (TAX)-resistant TNBC cells is significantly higher than that in TAX-sensitive cells, and H19 knockdown can increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to TAX by mediating the AKT signaling pathway. 11 H19 is positively correlated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mRNA, and H19 overexpression strikingly increases the protein expression of DNMT1 in MCF-7 cells.…”

The functional role of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in both ovarian processes and associated diseases

“…LncRNA-H19, a well-studied long non-coding RNA, is located on human chromosome 11q15.5 and comprises around 2,300 nucleotides [ 58 ]. Extensive research has emphasized its aberrant expression patterns in the context of various conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, and ovarian dysfunction [ [59] , [60] , [61] ].…”

Emerging roles of long noncoding RNA H19 in human lung cancer

“…This lncRNA contributes to the progression of lung cancer by regulating different signaling pathways and impacting intracellular mechanisms. 59 promoting metastasis, and worsening disease prognosis. 61 Furthermore, in the NSCLC cellular model, an increase in the expression of FOXF2 and lncRNA H19 has been identified.…”