The expression analysis of inflammatory and antimicrobial genes in the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) infected with Trypanosoma carassii

Effects of praziquantel and sanguinarine on expression of immune genes and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Dactylogyrus intermedius

“…Although the specific mechanisms has yet to be determined, we inferred that D. intermedius mainly infected on the gills of fish was one of the most probable reason. CCL-1 was also observed increment in goldfish when infected with Trypanosom acarassii [30,42]. Until now little is currently known about the specific function of CCL-1 in fish under external chemical conditions, the present study suggested that CCL-1 could be influenced by anthelmintic drugs, such as praziquantel and sanguinarine, and therefore may act as a potential therapeutic target.…”

“…Sequence ( Table 1 [30,31]. The cycle parameters consisted of one cycle of 10 min at 95 C and then 40 cycles with 15 s at 95 C, 20 s at 58 C and 10 s at 72 C. Each individual sample was run in triplicate wells.…”

Dietary riboflavin deficiency decreases immunity and antioxidant capacity, and changes tight junction proteins and related signaling molecules mRNA expression in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…It was reported that the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, TNF-a, IFN-g and IL-1b [61,62], and the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGFb [63,64] initiated inflammatory process. In this study, compared with optimal riboflavin supplementation, riboflavin deficiency increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-8, IFN-g2 and TNFa mRNA levels, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-b1 mRNA levels in the gills of young grass carp (Fig.…”

Parasites of Freshwater Fishes In North America: Why So Neglected?

“…Cryptobia salmositica), which has served as a suitable laboratory model for experimental infections and research on host-parasite relationships and immune response of heavily infected hosts (numerous papers by P. Woo and his co-workers; see Woo, 1987 for review). Equally important, Mike Belosevic and his associates have used fish trypanosomes (Trypanosoma danilewskyi and Trypanosoma carassii) as model organisms to study trypanosome biology and clarify aspects of fish-trypanosome immunological interactions (Bienek et al, 2002;Katzenback et al, 2008Katzenback et al, , 2013Oladiran et al, 2011).…”