The experimental study of tissue integration into porous titanium implants

Abstract

Introduction: Due to a lack of uniform shapes and sizes of bone defects in hip and knee joint pathology, their fixing could benefit from using individually manufactured 3D-printed highly porous titanium implants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of bone and muscle tissue integration into porous titanium implants manufactured using additive technology. Materials and methods: Porous and non-porous titanium plates were implanted into the latissimus dorsi muscle and tibia of 9 rabbits. On days 1, 60 and 90 animals were examined with x-rays. On day 60 histological tests were carried out. On day 90 the tensile strength at the implant-tissue interface was tested. Results: Histological analysis of muscle samples with porous titanium implants showed integration of connective tissue and blood vessels into the pores. Bone defect analysis demonstrated bone ingrowth into the pores of titanium with a minimal amount of fibrous tissue. The tensile strength of the muscular tissue attachment to the porous titanium was 28 (22–30) N which was higher than that of the control group 8.5 (5–11) N. Bone tissue attachment strength was 148 (140–152) N in the experimental group versus 118 (84–122) N in the control group. Conclusions: Using additive technology in manufacturing 3D-printed highly porous titanium implants improves bone and muscle integration compared with the non-porous material of the control group. This could be a promising approach to bone defect repair in revision and reconstruction surgery.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Titanium, Zirconia, and Ceramic Dental Implant Materials: A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Esthetic Properties

“…Shot peening has been shown to improve the fatigue performance and failure mechanisms of titanium specimens, indicating its potential to enhance the material's mechanical properties [ 15 ]. Furthermore, the experimental study by Tikhilov et al confirmed the possibility of achieving a strong attachment to the bone with a tensile strength of 148 N for porous titanium implants, highlighting the potential for further improving the mechanical properties of titanium through innovative designs and treatments [ 16 ].…”

Minimum 2-Year Outcomes of a Novel 3D-printed Fully Porous Titanium Acetabular Shell in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

“…The choice of material may further enhance osseointegration and construct stability. Both porous tantalum and titanium have been found to show superior osseointegration among common acetabular implant materials in animal studies [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. The biocompatibility of titanium has also shown to be more optimal than that of other conventional implant materials such as tantalum or chrome-cobalt alloys, further lending to the acetabular shell’s ability to osseointegrate and remain well-fixed [ 26 ].…”

Macrophages and vimentin in tissues adjacent to megaprostheses and mesh in reconstructive surgeries

“…Based on mechanical analysis, the peel strength of tissue attachment was strongest with the coarse plate [ 43 ]. In 2020, Tikhilov et al measured tensile strength of soft tissue by inserting Ti-6Al-4 V plates (20 mm × 7 mm × 3 mm, 100-µm pore size) into the latissimus dorsi muscle of 7-month-old female Chinchilla rabbits for 90 d. The strength of the soft tissue adhesion to the 100-µm-pore plates was higher than that obtained with non-porous plates [ 44 ]. This result emphasizes that surface modification can regulate soft tissue integration onto a metal surface.…”