The experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord in sheep

Animal Models Used in Spinal Cord Regeneration Research

“…25,31,33,41,65 The details of the neuropathologic changes observed after closed spinal cord injury in humans are documented elsewhere. 16,37,44 Two important aspects of human injury warrant discussion because they are particularly relevant to injury models.…”

Histopathological variability in 'standardised' spinal cord trauma.

“…Although some of this may be because different trauma devices and different types of animals are used, some of the variability may well be due to the use of varying combinations of weights and heights which give a superficial appearance of the same amount of trauma. The light microscopy (Goodkin and Campbell, 1969;Wagner et al, 1969;White et al 1969;White and Albin, 1970;Ducker et al, 1971;Wagner et al, 1971;Wagner and Dohrmann, 1975;Yeo et al, 1975) and electron microscopy Dohrmann et al, 1972) of experimental spinal cord trauma have been described. The central haemorrhage and the alterations in the neurones and myelinated fibres appear to increase with time after trauma.…”

A histochemical investigation of catecholamines in spinal cord injury

“…However, the negative findings of assay studies are difficult to interpret due to wide variation in reported concentrations of catecholamines even among control animals, due to use of whole spinal cords for chemical assay, and due to reported data on a wet weight basis in a cord which is grossly edematous. Further, other investigators, using histopathotogical studies of the cord after catecholamine blocking agents, have reported findings consistent with the catecholamine hypothesis (Black et al, 1974; Osterholm and Mathews, t972 b; Yeo et al, 1975). We have used an alternative approach, the Falck-Hitlarp histochemical technique , to re-examine the catechoIamine hypothesis of crush injury anatomically.…”