The Experimental Approach to Development Economics

Banerjee, Abhijit; Duflo, Esther

doi:10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143235

Cited by 443 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…If we do not account for the possibility of positive effects resulting from other evolving factors, our estimates might be downward or upward biased by negative or positive effects induced by other factors. This challenge in estimation is also mentioned in program evaluation literature as an external validity problem (Banerjee and Duflo, 2009;Ravallion, 2009;Rodrik, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of infrastructure on tax revenue: Case study of high-speed train in Japan

Yoshino

Abidhadjaev²

2017

J Infrastruct Policy Dev

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This study analyzes the impact of a high-speed rail line on tax revenues and on the economy of affected regions within the country. The economic impact of infrastructure investment can be induced by changes in tax revenues when the infrastructure is in operation. Accurate regional GDP data are not necessarily available in many Asian countries. However, tax data can be collected. Therefore, this study uses tax revenue dates in order to estimate spillover effects of infrastructure investment. The Kyushu high-speed rail line was constructed in 1991 and was completed in 2003. In 2004, the rail line started operating from Kagoshima to Kumamoto. The entire line was opened in 2011. We estimated its impact in the Kyushu region of Japan by using the differencein-difference method, and compared the tax revenues of regions along the high-speed railway line with other regions that were not affected by the railway line. Our findings show a positive impact on the region's tax revenue following the connection of the Kyushu rapid train with large cities, such as Osaka and Tokyo. Tax revenue in the region significantly increased during construction in 1991-2003, and dropped after the start of operations in 2004-2010. The rapid train's impact on the neighboring prefectures of Kyushu is positive. However, in 2004However, in -2013, its impact on tax revenue in places farther from the rapid train was observed to be lower. When the Kyushu railway line was connected to the existing high-speed railway line of Sanyo, the situation changed. The study finds statistically significant and economically growing impact on tax revenue after it was completed and connected to other large cities, such as Osaka and Tokyo. Tax revenues in the regions close to the high-speed train is higher than in adjacent regions. The difference-in-difference coefficient methods reveal that corporate tax revenue was lower than personal income tax revenue during construction. However, the difference in corporate tax revenues rose after connectivity with large cities was completed. Public-private partnership (PPP) has been promoted in many Asian countries. However, PPP-infrastructure in India failed in many cases due to the low rate of return from infrastructure investment. This study shows that an increase of tax revenues is significant in the case of the Kyushu rapid train in Japan. If half of the incremental tax revenues were returned to private investors in infrastructure, the rate of return from infrastructure investment would significantly rise for long period of time. It would attract stable and long-term private investors, such as pension funds and insurance funds into infrastructure investment. The last section of the paper will address how incremental tax revenues created by the spillover effects of infrastructure will improve the performance of private investors in infrastructure investment.

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Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of infrastructure on tax revenue: Case study of high-speed train in Japan

Yoshino

Abidhadjaev²

2017

J Infrastruct Policy Dev

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“…'Ordinary' consumers who were unrelated to alternative issues were chosen to represent Grabels general population. The researcher was invited to take part in the enlarged management committee, and she discussed the conditions with its members: the Grabels market constituted a 'case study', in a broader intervention research program dedicated to producing new knowledge on short food chains; its members, partners of the research, and producers of knowledge, and not 'subjects' of an experiment as in some experimental approaches developed in social sciences [52].…”

Section: First Period: the Discovery Of The Issue Of Food System Re-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Short Food Supply Chains to Sustainable Agriculture in Urban Food Systems: Food Democracy as a Vector of Transition

2016

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Abstract:In industrialized nations, local food networks have generally been analyzed through alternative food systems, in spite of the fact that they are much more diverse than this would imply. In France, 'short food chains' are both a continuation of a long tradition and a recent trend which now extends beyond activists, to consumers and producers as well. This paper will explore the conditions under which these chains can change the practices and knowledge of ordinary actors in urban food systems, from producers to urban consumers and policy-makers, in the area of agriculture and sustainability. It will consider the case study of the creation and development of an urban open-air market which has been analyzed using intervention research with input from economic sociology. We will highlight how personal relations, which are encouraged by a participatory context, support the evolution of practices and knowledge. We will also illustrate how a system of produce labelling has emerged as a mediation resource, and has increased changes as well as participation within the re-territorialization of the urban food system. By describing a concrete expression of food democracy which is spreading in France via a free collective trademark, and by showing its role in the transition of 'ordinary' actors towards a more sustainable agriculture, this paper will shine new light onto local food chains as well as traditional short food chains, and will call for more research on the subject.

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“…In contrast, political scientists (Gerber et al, 2004;Gerber and Green, 2012) and sociologists (Pager, 2007) often focus on the advantages of field experiments relative to observational research. Economists stress both advantages when making the case for field experiments (Banerjee and Duflo, 2009).…”

Section: Intellectual Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collaborations between researchers and governmental and nongovernmental organizations provide exciting opportunities for advancing science and conducting program evaluations at the same time (Banerjee and Duflo, 2009). International aid organizations have been sympathetic to field experiments for a while (Blum, 2011), whereas collaborations with the private sector are a more recent phenomenon (Levitt and List, 2009).…”

Section: Current and Emerging Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Experiments

Ditlmann

Paluck

2015

International Encyclopedia of the Social &Amp; Behavioral Sciences

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Field experiments are experiments in settings with high degrees of naturalism. This article describes different types of field experiments, including randomized field trials, randomized rollout designs, encouragement designs, downstream field experiments, hybrid lab-field experiments, and covert population experiments, and discusses their intellectual background and benefits. It also lists methodological challenges researchers can encounter when conducting field experiments, including failure to treat, selective attrition, spillover, difficulty of replication, and black box causality, and discusses available solutions. Finally, it provides an overview over current and emerging directions in field experimentation and concludes with a brief history of field experiments.

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The Experimental Approach to Development Economics

Cited by 443 publications

References 70 publications

Impact of infrastructure on tax revenue: Case study of high-speed train in Japan

Impact of infrastructure on tax revenue: Case study of high-speed train in Japan

From Short Food Supply Chains to Sustainable Agriculture in Urban Food Systems: Food Democracy as a Vector of Transition

Field Experiments

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