The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations of<i>Glossina tachinoides</i>in West Africa. II. Calibration of Equipment and Insecticide Dispersal

Lee, C. W.; Parker, J. D.; Baldry, D. A. T.; Molyneux, David

doi:10.1080/09670877809414135

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Attempts were made to measure droplet penetration both under the canopy and in the open during last cycle, but unfortunately the samples were damaged by excessive overnight dew and no detectable chemical was apparent in the results. Earlier experiences of aerial spraying against riverine tsetse in West Africa successfully addressed the problem of penetrating riverine forest by using helicopters, based on the assumption that the downdraft from the helicopters would help the insecticide penetrate beneath the canopy [26]–[28]. However, residual insecticides were used, with significant impacts on non-target organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sequential Aerosol Technique: A Major Component in an Integrated Strategy of Intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAn integrated strategy of intervention against tsetse flies was implemented in the Upper West Region of Ghana (9.62°–11.00° N, 1.40°–2.76° W), covering an area of ≈18,000 km2 within the framework of the Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign. Two species were targeted: Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis gambiensis.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe objectives were to test the potentiality of the sequential aerosol technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) of the total sprayed area (6,745 km2) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy including ground spraying (≈100 km2), insecticide treated targets (20,000) and insecticide treated cattle (45,000) in sustaining the results of tsetse suppression in the whole intervention area. The aerial application of low-dosage deltamethrin aerosols (0.33–0.35 g a.i/ha) was conducted along the three main rivers using five custom designed fixed-wings Turbo thrush aircraft. The impact of SAT on tsetse densities was monitored using 30 biconical traps deployed from two weeks before until two weeks after the operations. Results of the SAT monitoring indicated an overall reduction rate of 98% (from a pre-intervention mean apparent density per trap per day (ADT) of 16.7 to 0.3 at the end of the fourth and last cycle). One year after the SAT operations, a second survey using 200 biconical traps set in 20 sites during 3 weeks was conducted throughout the intervention area to measure the impact of the integrated control strategy. Both target species were still detected, albeit at very low densities (ADT of 0.27 inside sprayed blocks and 0.10 outside sprayed blocks).Conclusions/SignificanceThe SAT operations failed to achieve elimination in the monitored section, but the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of suppression throughout the intervention area, which will contribute to improving animal health, increasing animal production and fostering food security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sequential Aerosol Technique: A Major Component in an Integrated Strategy of Intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana

et al. 2013

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“…This collector type has been used substantially to characterise sprays (Johnstone, 1960;Higgins, 1967;Hewitt and Meganasa, 1993). Other artificial collector types like Petri dishes, Mylar Ò sheets, pipe cleaners, alpha cellulose cards, and glass slides have been used to quantify droplet deposition (Hewitt, 2010;Lee et al, 1978;Degre et al, 2001;Hoffmann and Hewitt, 2005) but are not able to be readily assessed using imaging software. WSP collectors provide useful and accurate measures of the deposited spray droplets to help gauge outcomes of applications (Hoffmann and Hewitt, 2005;Wolf, 2003;Hill and Inaba, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing a novel smartphone application – SnapCard, compared to five imaging systems to quantify droplet deposition on artificial collectors

Ferguson

Chechetto

O’Donnell

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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a b s t r a c tPrevious work sought to compare the results from imaging software for characterising droplet coverage, but none exists examining these five software programs: Droplet Scan Ò , Swath Kit Ò , Deposit Scan, Image J, and Drop Vision Ò -Ag. Additionally, a freely available smartphone application (App), SnapCard was developed to provide an extension tool for in-field analysis of spray collectors, but nothing has been published regarding its comparison to other imaging software systems. The present study was conducted to compare five existing imaging software types against the new App, SnapCard. Six nozzles producing different spray qualities were selected to spray a water + Brilliant Blue Dye solution over two artificial collector types (water sensitive paper and Kromekote Ò ). Each collector was assessed for percent coverage using the five imaging systems and SnapCard. Objectives of this study were: 1. To establish a baseline dataset using the sprayed cards and five commonly used imaging systems, and compare the coverage results from each. 2. Use the baseline data from Objective 1 as a measurement of precision to judge the results from SnapCard. 3. Make an assessment of SnapCard against the other imaging software type data in the study.Results showed that SnapCard has similar measured coverage means compared to other image analysis systems. For both collector types, SnapCard measured coverage within one standard deviation of the means across nozzle types. SnapCard is able to provide an immediate answer without expensive software or needing a laboratory to measure sprayed collector coverage with precise results, which further underscores its value. The other software types were not all similar for coverage, but the data followed the same trends for droplet size. Increasing the droplet size consistently decreased the coverage, across both collector types. Droplet Scan reported the highest coverage while Drop Vision-Ag and Swath Kit gave lower coverage values on water sensitive paper and Kromekote Ò collectors, respectively.

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“…Discriminative residual placement spraying of a 20 m swath, along the edge of fringing woodland and riverine forest for tsetse control at 25-40 km/h was tried in West Africa Lee et al, 1978;Spielberger and Abdurrahim, 1971). The rotor down-wash pattern changes from a closed toroid to a horseshoe vortex pattern as the helicopter increases forward speed.…”

Section: Main Rotor Diameter 3070 MMmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'vide-vite' system was used to apply a larvicide, temephos, into West African rivers for the control of Simulium damnosum, vector of onchocerciasis (Baldry et al, 1985;Lee et al, 1978). The 'vide-vite' system was used to apply a larvicide, temephos, into West African rivers for the control of Simulium damnosum, vector of onchocerciasis (Baldry et al, 1985;Lee et al, 1978).…”

Section: Spray Nozzlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial application

2014

Pesticide Application Methods

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The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. II. Calibration of Equipment and Insecticide Dispersal

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

The Sequential Aerosol Technique: A Major Component in an Integrated Strategy of Intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana

The Sequential Aerosol Technique: A Major Component in an Integrated Strategy of Intervention against Riverine Tsetse in Ghana

Assessing a novel smartphone application – SnapCard, compared to five imaging systems to quantify droplet deposition on artificial collectors

Aerial application

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