The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. VII. Studies on the Physical Properties of Sprays of Endosulfan and Deltamethrin applied toG. tachinoideshabitats in the R. Komoe Valley, Upper Volta

Control of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) using insecticides: a review and future prospects

“…The use of helicopters for West African tsetse control is discussed in detail in a series of reports describing an operation to test various helicopter techniques and insecticides (Baldry et al, 1978a, b;Lee et al, 1978;Molyneux et al, 1978a, b;Van Wettere et al, 1978). It was concluded from this work (Lee et al, 1980) that insufficient droplets were deposited below about 1-5 m to effect control of G. tachinoides and that the residual effect on tsetse would be largely dependent upon their nocturnal vertical movements as described by MacLennan & Cook (1972), which in fact related specifically to G. morsitans. Johnstone et al (1974) questioned the penetration of residual helicopter applications, and the use of helicopters to apply an invert emulsion of dieldrin into dense thickets in Kenya's Lambwe Valley (Leroux & Platt, 1968) revealed a similar problem.…”

“…Also, dosages have been reduced from 30 g/ha for deltamethrin and 1000 g/ha for endosulfan (Spielberger et al, 1979) to 12-5 g/ha and 200 g/ha, respectively (Baldry et al, 1981). The insecticides now tend to be applied from electrically-driven rotary atomizers giving a volume median diameter of about 150/xm (Lee et al, 1980). Used in an operational situation within a trypanosomiasis focus in the Ivory Coast, a combination of insecticides (deltamethrin at 12g/ha, endosulfan at 267 g/ha and endosulfan at 10 g/ha applied as an aerosol in villages) did not achieve total success (Kuzoe et al, 1981) though it was more effective in the open than in forested areas.…”