The experiential effect of kindergarten on Bankson language screening test performance

Larson, George W.; Summers, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9924(88)90017-2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…are actually assessing general knowledge. Additionally, a recent study of children aged 5–6 revealed that those who have experienced kindergarten perform better on standard language skills tests than controls matched for age, gender, and economic status but without school experience 14 . This implies that significant prior experience with the task may be related to performance on cognitive screens which may explain failure of the poorly educated on such items as copying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini‐Mental State Exam Scores Vary with Education in Blacks and Whites

Murden

McRae²,

Kaner³

et al. 1991

J American Geriatrics Society

273

186

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Previous studies have suggested that education and race may affect performance on standardized mental status tests. In order to more clearly define these relationships, a prospective longitudinal study was devised to answer two questions: (1) whether race or level of education affects scores on the Mini-Mental State (MMS) exam in non-demented people and (2) what numerical cutpoints maximize the sensitivity and specificity of utilizing the MMS to help diagnose dementia in blacks of varying educational attainment. A total of 100 white and 258 black individuals, recruited from two city hospital primary care geriatric clinics, were evaluated and subsequently followed longitudinally over a 2 1/2 year period in order to assess accurately the presence or absence of dementia. In the non-demented, total MMS scores and performance on each item of the MMS were analyzed, revealing that people with an 8th grade or less education consistently had significantly (P less than .01) worse results than the better educated (9th grade or better) on borough, attention items, recall of table and dog, copying, sentence writing, phrase repeating, and total score. Furthermore, a total of 25% of the lower education group had an MMS score in the 18-23 range, traditionally thought to suggest dementia. There were no consistently significant differences between blacks and whites of equal education. In the better educated groups, using a score of 23 or less to define dementia maximizes the sensitivity and specificity of using the MMS in this diagnosis at 93% and 100%, respectively. In the lower education group, using 17 or less to define dementia maximizes sensitivity and specificity at 81% and 100%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini‐Mental State Exam Scores Vary with Education in Blacks and Whites

Murden

McRae²,

Kaner³

et al. 1991

J American Geriatrics Society

273

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most frequently, the epidermal growth factor receptor (eGFr) and its varieties (e.g., Her2) [152,163], and the tumor necrosis factor, (tnF) [164] serve as such markers. the use of GnP conjugated with antibodies simultaneously for diagnostics reVIeWS and photothermal therapy (the so-called theranostics methods) seems to be the most promising [165]. In addition to antibodies, folic acid, ligand of numerous folate receptors of tumor cells [150], and hormones [166] can be used for active delivery.…”

Section: Photothermal Therapy Using Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine: Recent Advances and Prospects

2011

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Functionalized gold nanoparticles with controlled geometrical and optical properties are the subject of intensive studies and biomedical applications, including genomics, biosensorics, immunoassays, clinical chemistry, laser phototherapy of cancer cells and tumors, the targeted delivery of drugs, DNA and antigens, optical bioimaging and the monitoring of cells and tissues with the use of state-of-the-art detection systems. This work will provide an overview of the recent advances and current challenges facing the biomedical application of gold nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, and structures. The review is focused on the application of gold nanoparticle conjugates in biomedical diagnostics and analytics, photothermal and photodynamic therapies, as a carrier for delivering target molecules, and on the immunological and toxicological properties. Keeping in mind the huge volume and high speed of the data update rate, 2/3 of our reference list (certainly restricted to 250 Refs.) includes publications encompassing the past 5 years.

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The experiential effect of kindergarten on Bankson language screening test performance

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Mini‐Mental State Exam Scores Vary with Education in Blacks and Whites

Mini‐Mental State Exam Scores Vary with Education in Blacks and Whites

Gold Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine: Recent Advances and Prospects

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