The excretion of cephem antibiotics into saliva is inversely associated with their plasma protein‐binding activities

Hamada, Toshihiro; Ueta, Eisaku; Kodama, Hiroyuki; Osaki, Tokio

doi:10.1046/j.0904-2512.2001.00015.x

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…The results revealed similar values for elimination half-life and clearance per body weight compared with those in healthy human subjects, 44.2-46.2 min and 15.14 L/h, respectively [19,25]. This implies that the elimination rate of FMX in dogs is comparable to that in humans, although the protein binding rate of FMX in dogs is much lower (8%) [26], compared with humans (36.2%) [27]. In addition to such animal species differences, in-terindividual variability is the main factor confounding PK parameter [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of the Oxacephem Antibiotic Flomoxef against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Dogs

Kusumoto,

Jitsuiki,

Motegi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Flomoxef (FMX) may be a potential alternative to carbapenems for dogs infected with Enterobacterales-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL-E). However, the appropriate dosage of FMX in dogs with ESBL-E infections has yet to be established. This study was carried out to establish appropriate treatment regimens for FMX against ESBL-E infections in dogs using a pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK–PD) approach. Five dogs were intravenously administered at a bolus dose of FMX (40 mg/kg body weight). Serum concentrations of FMX were calculated with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and then applied to determine PK indices based on a non-compartmental model. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was estimated based on the dissemination of minimum inhibitory concentrations among wild-type ESBL-E from companion animals. From the results, the dosage regimens of 40 mg/kg every 6 and 8 h were estimated to attain a CFR of >90% for wild-type isolates of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis for dogs. By contrast, all regimens had a CFR of <80% for ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae. Our results indicated that dosage regimens of 40 mg/kg FMX every 6 and 8 h can be a non-carbapenem treatment for canine infections of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, but not for those of ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%